diff --git a/spring-ai-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/document/Document.java b/spring-ai-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/document/Document.java
index 313b81022..df294c0b0 100644
--- a/spring-ai-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/document/Document.java
+++ b/spring-ai-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/document/Document.java
@@ -291,6 +291,7 @@ public class Document implements MediaContent {
 		}
 
 		public Builder media(List<Media> media) {
+			Assert.notNull(media, "media cannot be null");
 			this.media.addAll(media);
 			return this;
 		}