diff --git a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/test/context/runner/AbstractApplicationContextRunner.java b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/test/context/runner/AbstractApplicationContextRunner.java
index d7603b8e57..f611737258 100644
--- a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/test/context/runner/AbstractApplicationContextRunner.java
+++ b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/test/context/runner/AbstractApplicationContextRunner.java
@@ -402,12 +402,12 @@ public abstract class AbstractApplicationContextRunner<SELF extends AbstractAppl
 			((DefaultResourceLoader) context).setClassLoader(this.runnerConfiguration.classLoader);
 		}
 		this.runnerConfiguration.environmentProperties.applyTo(context);
+		this.runnerConfiguration.beanRegistrations.forEach((registration) -> registration.apply(context));
+		this.runnerConfiguration.initializers.forEach((initializer) -> initializer.initialize(context));
 		Class<?>[] classes = Configurations.getClasses(this.runnerConfiguration.configurations);
 		if (classes.length > 0) {
 			((AnnotationConfigRegistry) context).register(classes);
 		}
-		this.runnerConfiguration.beanRegistrations.forEach((registration) -> registration.apply(context));
-		this.runnerConfiguration.initializers.forEach((initializer) -> initializer.initialize(context));
 		context.refresh();
 	}
 
diff --git a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/test/context/runner/AbstractApplicationContextRunnerTests.java b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/test/context/runner/AbstractApplicationContextRunnerTests.java
index 2fcf93ff6c..6b694a74b4 100644
--- a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/test/context/runner/AbstractApplicationContextRunnerTests.java
+++ b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/test/context/runner/AbstractApplicationContextRunnerTests.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2012-2021 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2012-2022 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ import org.springframework.context.annotation.ConditionContext;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Conditional;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Lazy;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;
 import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
 import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotatedTypeMetadata;
 import org.springframework.util.ClassUtils;
@@ -230,6 +231,13 @@ abstract class AbstractApplicationContextRunnerTests<T extends AbstractApplicati
 				});
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void changesMadeByInitializersShouldBeVisibleToRegisteredClasses() {
+		get().withInitializer((context) -> context.getEnvironment().setActiveProfiles("test"))
+				.withUserConfiguration(ProfileConfig.class)
+				.run((context) -> assertThat(context).hasSingleBean(ProfileConfig.class));
+	}
+
 	protected abstract T get();
 
 	private static void throwCheckedException(String message) throws IOException {
@@ -342,4 +350,10 @@ abstract class AbstractApplicationContextRunnerTests<T extends AbstractApplicati
 
 	}
 
+	@Profile("test")
+	@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
+	static class ProfileConfig {
+
+	}
+
 }