Propagate manifest to exploded jars

Update `LaunchedURLClassLoader` so that packages defined from exploded
archive folders have manifest attributes applied to them. Prior to this
calling `package.getImplementationTitle()` would only return the a
manifiest attribute when running non-exploded.

The root cause of this issue is the way that `URLClassLoader` handles
the different URL types. For URLs that reference a jar the manifest is
available. For URLs that reference a folder it isn't. When running
exploded we use a URL that references to the `BOOT-INF/classes` folder
directly. To fix the issue we now attempt to detect when `definePackage`
is being called directly, and replace `null` entries with actual
manifest values.

Fixes gh-21705

spring-boot-project/spring-boot-tools/spring-boot-loader/src/test/resources/explodedsample/ExampleClass.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2012-2020 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package explodedsample;
+
+/**
+ * Example class used to test class loading.
+ *
+ * @author Phillip Webb
+ */
+public class ExampleClass {
+
+}