Throw ContextLoadException on test context load failure

When a test context fails to load, a `ContextLoadException` should
be thrown so that Framework can catch it and call any registered
`ApplicationContextFailureProcessor`s.

Closes gh-31793

spring-boot-project/spring-boot-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/test/context/SpringBootContextLoader.java

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ import org.springframework.core.io.DefaultResourceLoader;
 import org.springframework.core.io.ResourceLoader;
 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfigurationAttributes;
 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextCustomizer;
+import org.springframework.test.context.ContextLoadException;
 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextLoader;
 import org.springframework.test.context.MergedContextConfiguration;
 import org.springframework.test.context.SmartContextLoader;
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ public class SpringBootContextLoader extends AbstractContextLoader implements Ao
 	}
 
 	private ApplicationContext loadContext(MergedContextConfiguration mergedConfig, Mode mode,
-			ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext> initializer) {
+			ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext> initializer) throws Exception {
 		assertHasClassesOrLocations(mergedConfig);
 		SpringBootTestAnnotation annotation = SpringBootTestAnnotation.get(mergedConfig);
 		String[] args = annotation.getArgs();
@@ -125,15 +126,12 @@ public class SpringBootContextLoader extends AbstractContextLoader implements Ao
 		if (mainMethod != null) {
 			ContextLoaderHook hook = new ContextLoaderHook(mode, initializer,
 					(application) -> configure(mergedConfig, application));
-			return hook.run(() -> ReflectionUtils.invokeMethod(mainMethod, null, new Object[] { args }));
+			return hook.runMain(() -> ReflectionUtils.invokeMethod(mainMethod, null, new Object[] { args }));
 		}
 		SpringApplication application = getSpringApplication();
 		configure(mergedConfig, application);
-		if (mode == Mode.AOT_PROCESSING || mode == Mode.AOT_RUNTIME) {
-			ContextLoaderHook hook = new ContextLoaderHook(mode, initializer, ALREADY_CONFIGURED);
-			return hook.run(() -> application.run(args));
-		}
-		return application.run(args);
+		ContextLoaderHook hook = new ContextLoaderHook(mode, initializer, ALREADY_CONFIGURED);
+		return hook.run(() -> application.run(args));
 	}
 
 	private void assertHasClassesOrLocations(MergedContextConfiguration mergedConfig) {
@@ -465,10 +463,10 @@ public class SpringBootContextLoader extends AbstractContextLoader implements Ao
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * {@link SpringApplicationHook} used to capture the {@link ApplicationContext} and to
-	 * trigger early exit for the {@link Mode#AOT_PROCESSING} mode.
+	 * {@link SpringApplicationHook} used to capture {@link ApplicationContext} instances
+	 * and to trigger early exit for the {@link Mode#AOT_PROCESSING} mode.
 	 */
-	private class ContextLoaderHook implements SpringApplicationHook {
+	private static class ContextLoaderHook implements SpringApplicationHook {
 
 		private final Mode mode;
 
@@ -478,6 +476,8 @@ public class SpringBootContextLoader extends AbstractContextLoader implements Ao
 
 		private final List<ApplicationContext> contexts = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
 
+		private final List<ApplicationContext> failedContexts = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
+
 		ContextLoaderHook(Mode mode, ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext> initializer,
 				Consumer<SpringApplication> configurer) {
 			this.mode = mode;
@@ -506,15 +506,36 @@ public class SpringBootContextLoader extends AbstractContextLoader implements Ao
 					}
 				}
 
+				@Override
+				public void failed(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, Throwable exception) {
+					ContextLoaderHook.this.failedContexts.add(context);
+				}
+
 			};
 		}
 
-		private <T> ApplicationContext run(ThrowingSupplier<T> action) {
+		private <T> ApplicationContext runMain(Runnable action) throws Exception {
+			return run(() -> {
+				action.run();
+				return null;
+			});
+		}
+
+		private ApplicationContext run(ThrowingSupplier<ConfigurableApplicationContext> action) throws Exception {
 			try {
-				SpringApplication.withHook(this, action);
+				ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.withHook(this, action);
+				if (context != null) {
+					return context;
+				}
 			}
 			catch (AbandonedRunException ex) {
 			}
+			catch (Exception ex) {
+				if (this.failedContexts.size() == 1) {
+					throw new ContextLoadException(this.failedContexts.get(0), ex);
+				}
+				throw ex;
+			}
 			List<ApplicationContext> rootContexts = this.contexts.stream()
 					.filter((context) -> context.getParent() == null).toList();
 			Assert.state(!rootContexts.isEmpty(), "No root application context located");