diff --git a/spring-data-jpa/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/jpa/repository/query/PreprocessedQuery.java b/spring-data-jpa/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/jpa/repository/query/PreprocessedQuery.java
index 6f36ac80a..b32a2b1ae 100644
--- a/spring-data-jpa/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/jpa/repository/query/PreprocessedQuery.java
+++ b/spring-data-jpa/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/jpa/repository/query/PreprocessedQuery.java
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ public final class PreprocessedQuery implements DeclaredQuery {
 		INSTANCE;
 
 		private static final String EXPRESSION_PARAMETER_PREFIX = "__$synthetic$__";
-		public static final String POSITIONAL_OR_INDEXED_PARAMETER = "\\?(\\d*+(?![#\\w]))";
+		public static final String POSITIONAL_OR_INDEXED_PARAMETER = "\\?(\\d*+(?![\\&\\|#\\w]))";
 		// .....................................................................^ not followed by a hash or a letter.
 		// .................................................................^ zero or more digits.
 		// .............................................................^ start with a question mark.
@@ -264,7 +264,9 @@ public final class PreprocessedQuery implements DeclaredQuery {
 				Integer parameterIndex = getParameterIndex(parameterIndexString);
 
 				String match = matcher.group(0);
-				if (JDBC_STYLE_PARAM.matcher(match).find()) {
+				Matcher jdbcStyleMatcher = JDBC_STYLE_PARAM.matcher(match);
+
+				if (jdbcStyleMatcher.find()) {
 					jdbcStyle = true;
 				}
 
diff --git a/spring-data-jpa/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/jpa/repository/query/DefaultEntityQueryUnitTests.java b/spring-data-jpa/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/jpa/repository/query/DefaultEntityQueryUnitTests.java
index 599fb05aa..a4fd297be 100644
--- a/spring-data-jpa/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/jpa/repository/query/DefaultEntityQueryUnitTests.java
+++ b/spring-data-jpa/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/jpa/repository/query/DefaultEntityQueryUnitTests.java
@@ -236,6 +236,21 @@ class DefaultEntityQueryUnitTests {
 		assertThat(bindings).hasSize(3);
 	}
 
+	@Test // GH-3907
+	void rewritesPositionalLikeToUniqueParametersIfNecessaryUsingPostgresJsonbOperator() {
+
+		DefaultEntityQuery query = new TestEntityQuery(
+				"select '[\"x\", \"c\"]'::jsonb ?| '[\"x\", \"c\"]'::jsonb from User u where u.firstname like %?1 or u.firstname like ?1% or u.firstname = ?1",
+				true);
+
+		assertThat(query.hasParameterBindings()).isTrue();
+		assertThat(query.getQueryString()).isEqualTo(
+				"select '[\"x\", \"c\"]'::jsonb ?| '[\"x\", \"c\"]'::jsonb from User u where u.firstname like ?1 or u.firstname like ?2 or u.firstname = ?3");
+
+		List<ParameterBinding> bindings = query.getParameterBindings();
+		assertThat(bindings).hasSize(3);
+	}
+
 	@Test // GH-3041
 	void reusesNamedLikeBindingsWherePossible() {
 
@@ -539,7 +554,6 @@ class DefaultEntityQueryUnitTests {
 
 		assertThat(bindings).hasSize(1);
 		assertPositionalBinding(ParameterBinding.class, 1, bindings.get(0));
-
 	}
 
 	@Test // DATAJPA-473
@@ -638,6 +652,20 @@ class DefaultEntityQueryUnitTests {
 				.isEqualTo("select a from A a where a.b LIKE :__$synthetic$__1 and a.c LIKE :__$synthetic$__2");
 	}
 
+	@Test // GH-3907
+	void considersOnlyDedicatedPositionalBindMarkersAsSuch() {
+
+		DefaultEntityQuery query = new TestEntityQuery(
+				"select '[\"x\", \"c\"]'::jsonb ?| array[?1]::text[] FROM foo WHERE foo BETWEEN ?1 and ?2", true);
+
+		assertThat(query.getParameterBindings()).hasSize(2);
+
+		query = new TestEntityQuery("select '[\"x\", \"c\"]'::jsonb ?& array[:foo]::text[] FROM foo WHERE foo = :bar",
+				true);
+
+		assertThat(query.getParameterBindings()).hasSize(2);
+	}
+
 	@Test // DATAJPA-712, GH-3619
 	void shouldReplaceAllPositionExpressionParametersWithInClause() {