Add MergedAnnotation.getTypeHierarchy method

Add a `getTypeHierarchy()` method to `MergedAnnotation` that can be used
to return the full type hierarchy information. This method is
specifically designed to be used in combination with
`MergedAnnotationPredicates.unique`.

This update also allows us to delete the `parentAndType` method
from `AnnotatedElementUtils`.

Closes gh-22908

spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/core/annotation/AnnotationTypeMappingsTests.java

@@ -245,6 +245,15 @@ public class AnnotationTypeMappingsTests {
 		assertThat(mappings.get(1).getAnnotationType()).isEqualTo(MappedTarget.class);
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	public void getAnnotationTypeHierarchyReturnsTypeHierarchy() {
+		AnnotationTypeMappings mappings = AnnotationTypeMappings.forAnnotationType(
+				ThreeDeepA.class);
+		AnnotationTypeMapping mappingC = mappings.get(2);
+		assertThat(mappingC.getAnnotationTypeHierarchy()).containsExactly(
+				ThreeDeepA.class, ThreeDeepB.class, ThreeDeepC.class);
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	public void getAnnotationWhenRootReturnsNull() {
 		AnnotationTypeMappings mappings = AnnotationTypeMappings.forAnnotationType(

spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/core/annotation/MergedAnnotationsTests.java

@@ -170,6 +170,15 @@ public class MergedAnnotationsTests {
 		assertThat(annotation.getRoot()).isSameAs(annotation);
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	public void getTypeHierarchy() {
+		MergedAnnotation<?> annotation = MergedAnnotations.from(
+				ComposedTransactionalComponentClass.class).get(
+						TransactionalComponent.class);
+		assertThat(annotation.getTypeHierarchy()).containsExactly(
+				ComposedTransactionalComponent.class, TransactionalComponent.class);
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	public void collectMultiValueMapFromNonAnnotatedClass() {
 		MultiValueMap<String, Object> map = MergedAnnotations.from(

spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/core/annotation/MissingMergedAnnotationTests.java

@@ -44,6 +44,11 @@ public class MissingMergedAnnotationTests {
 		assertThatNoSuchElementException().isThrownBy(this.missing::getType);
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	public void getTypeHierarchyReturnsEmptyList() {
+		assertThat(this.missing.getTypeHierarchy()).isEmpty();
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	public void isPresentReturnsFalse() {
 		assertThat(this.missing.isPresent()).isFalse();