Support recursive annotations in merged annotations

Although Java does not allow the definition of recursive annotations,
Kotlin does, and prior to this commit an attempt to synthesize a
merged annotation using the MergedAnnotation API resulted in a
StackOverflowError if there was a recursive cycle in the annotation
definitions.

This commit addresses this issue by tracking which annotations have
already been visited and short circuits the recursive algorithm if a
cycle is detected.

Closes gh-28012

spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/core/annotation/AnnotationTypeMappingsTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2020 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class AnnotationTypeMappingsTests {
 	@Test
 	void forAnnotationTypeWhenRepeatableMetaAnnotationIsFiltered() {
 		AnnotationTypeMappings mappings = AnnotationTypeMappings.forAnnotationType(WithRepeatedMetaAnnotations.class,
-				Repeating.class.getName()::equals);
+				RepeatableContainers.standardRepeatables(), Repeating.class.getName()::equals);
 		assertThat(getAll(mappings)).flatExtracting(AnnotationTypeMapping::getAnnotationType)
 				.containsExactly(WithRepeatedMetaAnnotations.class);
 	}