BindingResult support for constructor argument mismatch on immutable data object

Issue: SPR-15542

spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/method/annotation/ModelAttributeMethodProcessor.java

@@ -20,11 +20,13 @@ import java.beans.ConstructorProperties;
 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
 
 import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
 import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
 
 import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
+import org.springframework.beans.TypeMismatchException;
 import org.springframework.core.DefaultParameterNameDiscoverer;
 import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
 import org.springframework.core.ParameterNameDiscoverer;
@@ -32,7 +34,9 @@ import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
 import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
 import org.springframework.util.Assert;
 import org.springframework.validation.BindException;
+import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
 import org.springframework.validation.Errors;
+import org.springframework.validation.FieldError;
 import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.WebDataBinder;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
@@ -110,9 +114,6 @@ public class ModelAttributeMethodProcessor implements HandlerMethodArgumentResol
 		Assert.state(binderFactory != null, "ModelAttributeMethodProcessor requires WebDataBinderFactory");
 
 		String name = ModelFactory.getNameForParameter(parameter);
-		Object attribute = (mavContainer.containsAttribute(name) ? mavContainer.getModel().get(name) :
-				createAttribute(name, parameter, binderFactory, webRequest));
-
 		if (!mavContainer.isBindingDisabled(name)) {
 			ModelAttribute ann = parameter.getParameterAnnotation(ModelAttribute.class);
 			if (ann != null && !ann.binding()) {
@@ -120,51 +121,113 @@ public class ModelAttributeMethodProcessor implements HandlerMethodArgumentResol
 			}
 		}
 
-		WebDataBinder binder = binderFactory.createBinder(webRequest, attribute, name);
+		Object attribute = null;
-		if (binder.getTarget() != null) {
+		BindingResult bindingResult = null;
-			if (!mavContainer.isBindingDisabled(name)) {
+
-				bindRequestParameters(binder, webRequest);
+		if (mavContainer.containsAttribute(name)) {
+			attribute = mavContainer.getModel().get(name);
+		}
+		else {
+			// Create attribute instance
+			try {
+				attribute = createAttribute(name, parameter, binderFactory, webRequest);
 			}
-			validateIfApplicable(binder, parameter);
+			catch (BindException ex) {
-			if (binder.getBindingResult().hasErrors() && isBindExceptionRequired(binder, parameter)) {
+				if (isBindExceptionRequired(parameter)) {
-				throw new BindException(binder.getBindingResult());
+					// No BindingResult parameter -> fail with BindException
+					throw ex;
+				}
+				// Otherwise, expose null/empty value and associated BindingResult
+				if (parameter.getParameterType() == Optional.class) {
+					attribute = Optional.empty();
+				}
+				bindingResult = ex.getBindingResult();
 			}
 		}
 
+		if (bindingResult == null) {
+			// Bean property binding and validation;
+			// skipped in case of binding failure on construction.
+			WebDataBinder binder = binderFactory.createBinder(webRequest, attribute, name);
+			if (binder.getTarget() != null) {
+				if (!mavContainer.isBindingDisabled(name)) {
+					bindRequestParameters(binder, webRequest);
+				}
+				validateIfApplicable(binder, parameter);
+				if (binder.getBindingResult().hasErrors() && isBindExceptionRequired(binder, parameter)) {
+					throw new BindException(binder.getBindingResult());
+				}
+			}
+			// Value type adaptation, also covering java.util.Optional
+			if (!parameter.getParameterType().isInstance(attribute)) {
+				attribute = binder.convertIfNecessary(binder.getTarget(), parameter.getParameterType(), parameter);
+			}
+			bindingResult = binder.getBindingResult();
+		}
+
 		// Add resolved attribute and BindingResult at the end of the model
-		Map<String, Object> bindingResultModel = binder.getBindingResult().getModel();
+		Map<String, Object> bindingResultModel = bindingResult.getModel();
 		mavContainer.removeAttributes(bindingResultModel);
 		mavContainer.addAllAttributes(bindingResultModel);
 
-		return (parameter.getParameterType().isInstance(attribute) ? attribute :
+		return attribute;
-				binder.convertIfNecessary(binder.getTarget(), parameter.getParameterType(), parameter));
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Extension point to create the model attribute if not found in the model,
 	 * with subsequent parameter binding through bean properties (unless suppressed).
-	 * <p>The default implementation uses the unique public no-arg constructor, if any,
+	 * <p>The default implementation typically uses the unique public no-arg constructor
-	 * which may have arguments: It understands the JavaBeans {@link ConstructorProperties}
+	 * if available but also handles a "primary constructor" approach for data classes:
-	 * annotation as well as runtime-retained parameter names in the bytecode,
+	 * It understands the JavaBeans {@link ConstructorProperties} annotation as well as
-	 * associating request parameters with constructor arguments by name. If no such
+	 * runtime-retained parameter names in the bytecode, associating request parameters
-	 * constructor is found, the default constructor will be used (even if not public),
+	 * with constructor arguments by name. If no such constructor is found, the default
-	 * assuming subsequent bean property bindings through setter methods.
+	 * constructor will be used (even if not public), assuming subsequent bean property
+	 * bindings through setter methods.
 	 * @param attributeName the name of the attribute (never {@code null})
 	 * @param parameter the method parameter declaration
 	 * @param binderFactory for creating WebDataBinder instance
 	 * @param webRequest the current request
 	 * @return the created model attribute (never {@code null})
+	 * @throws BindException in case of constructor argument binding failure
+	 * @throws Exception in case of constructor invocation failure
+	 * @see #constructAttribute(Constructor, String, WebDataBinderFactory, NativeWebRequest)
+	 * @see BeanUtils#findPrimaryConstructor(Class)
 	 */
 	protected Object createAttribute(String attributeName, MethodParameter parameter,
 			WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory, NativeWebRequest webRequest) throws Exception {
 
-		Class<?> type = parameter.getParameterType();
+		MethodParameter nestedParameter = parameter.nestedIfOptional();
-		
+		Class<?> type = nestedParameter.getNestedParameterType();
+
 		Constructor<?> ctor = BeanUtils.findPrimaryConstructor(type);
 		if (ctor == null) {
 			throw new IllegalStateException("No primary constructor found for " + type.getName());
 		}
 
+		Object attribute = constructAttribute(ctor, attributeName, binderFactory, webRequest);
+		if (parameter != nestedParameter) {
+			attribute = Optional.of(attribute);
+		}
+		return attribute;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Construct a new attribute instance with the given constructor.
+	 * <p>Called from
+	 * {@link #createAttribute(String, MethodParameter, WebDataBinderFactory, NativeWebRequest)}
+	 * after constructor resolution.
+	 * @param ctor the constructor to use
+	 * @param attributeName the name of the attribute (never {@code null})
+	 * @param binderFactory for creating WebDataBinder instance
+	 * @param webRequest the current request
+	 * @return the created model attribute (never {@code null})
+	 * @throws BindException in case of constructor argument binding failure
+	 * @throws Exception in case of constructor invocation failure
+	 * @since 5.0
+	 */
+	protected Object constructAttribute(Constructor<?> ctor, String attributeName,
+			WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory, NativeWebRequest webRequest) throws Exception {
+
 		if (ctor.getParameterCount() == 0) {
 			// A single default constructor -> clearly a standard JavaBeans arrangement.
 			return BeanUtils.instantiateClass(ctor);
@@ -179,10 +242,22 @@ public class ModelAttributeMethodProcessor implements HandlerMethodArgumentResol
 				() -> "Invalid number of parameter names: " + paramNames.length + " for constructor " + ctor);
 		Object[] args = new Object[paramTypes.length];
 		WebDataBinder binder = binderFactory.createBinder(webRequest, null, attributeName);
+		boolean bindingFailure = false;
 		for (int i = 0; i < paramNames.length; i++) {
-			String[] parameterValues = webRequest.getParameterValues(paramNames[i]);
+			String[] paramValues = webRequest.getParameterValues(paramNames[i]);
-			args[i] = (parameterValues != null ? binder.convertIfNecessary(parameterValues, paramTypes[i],
+			try {
-					new MethodParameter(ctor, i)) : null);
+				args[i] = (paramValues != null ?
+						binder.convertIfNecessary(paramValues, paramTypes[i], new MethodParameter(ctor, i)) : null);
+			}
+			catch (TypeMismatchException ex) {
+				bindingFailure = true;
+				binder.getBindingResult().addError(new FieldError(
+						binder.getObjectName(), paramNames[i], ex.getValue(), true,
+						new String[] {ex.getErrorCode()}, null, ex.getLocalizedMessage()));
+			}
+		}
+		if (bindingFailure) {
+			throw new BindException(binder.getBindingResult());
 		}
 		return BeanUtils.instantiateClass(ctor, args);
 	}
@@ -219,11 +294,23 @@ public class ModelAttributeMethodProcessor implements HandlerMethodArgumentResol
 
 	/**
 	 * Whether to raise a fatal bind exception on validation errors.
+	 * <p>The default implementation delegates to {@link #isBindExceptionRequired(MethodParameter)}.
 	 * @param binder the data binder used to perform data binding
 	 * @param parameter the method parameter declaration
-	 * @return {@code true} if the next method argument is not of type {@link Errors}
+	 * @return {@code true} if the next method parameter is not of type {@link Errors}
+	 * @see #isBindExceptionRequired(MethodParameter)
 	 */
 	protected boolean isBindExceptionRequired(WebDataBinder binder, MethodParameter parameter) {
+		return isBindExceptionRequired(parameter);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Whether to raise a fatal bind exception on validation errors.
+	 * @param parameter the method parameter declaration
+	 * @return {@code true} if the next method parameter is not of type {@link Errors}
+	 * @since 5.0
+	 */
+	protected boolean isBindExceptionRequired(MethodParameter parameter) {
 		int i = parameter.getParameterIndex();
 		Class<?>[] paramTypes = parameter.getExecutable().getParameterTypes();
 		boolean hasBindingResult = (paramTypes.length > (i + 1) && Errors.class.isAssignableFrom(paramTypes[i + 1]));

spring-webmvc/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/servlet/mvc/method/annotation/ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor.java

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping;
  * model attribute name and there is an appropriate type conversion strategy.
  *
  * @author Rossen Stoyanchev
+ * @author Juergen Hoeller
  * @since 3.1
  */
 public class ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor extends ModelAttributeMethodProcessor {
@@ -68,19 +69,19 @@ public class ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor extends ModelAttributeMethodPr
 	 * @see #createAttributeFromRequestValue
 	 */
 	@Override
-	protected final Object createAttribute(String attributeName, MethodParameter methodParam,
+	protected final Object createAttribute(String attributeName, MethodParameter parameter,
 			WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory, NativeWebRequest request) throws Exception {
 
 		String value = getRequestValueForAttribute(attributeName, request);
 		if (value != null) {
 			Object attribute = createAttributeFromRequestValue(
-					value, attributeName, methodParam, binderFactory, request);
+					value, attributeName, parameter, binderFactory, request);
 			if (attribute != null) {
 				return attribute;
 			}
 		}
 
-		return super.createAttribute(attributeName, methodParam, binderFactory, request);
+		return super.createAttribute(attributeName, parameter, binderFactory, request);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ public class ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor extends ModelAttributeMethodPr
 	 * {@link Converter} that can perform the conversion.
 	 * @param sourceValue the source value to create the model attribute from
 	 * @param attributeName the name of the attribute (never {@code null})
-	 * @param methodParam the method parameter
+	 * @param parameter the method parameter
 	 * @param binderFactory for creating WebDataBinder instance
 	 * @param request the current request
 	 * @return the created model attribute, or {@code null} if no suitable
@@ -129,16 +130,16 @@ public class ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor extends ModelAttributeMethodPr
 	 */
 	@Nullable
 	protected Object createAttributeFromRequestValue(String sourceValue, String attributeName,
-			MethodParameter methodParam, WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory, NativeWebRequest request)
+			MethodParameter parameter, WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory, NativeWebRequest request)
 			throws Exception {
 
 		DataBinder binder = binderFactory.createBinder(request, null, attributeName);
 		ConversionService conversionService = binder.getConversionService();
 		if (conversionService != null) {
 			TypeDescriptor source = TypeDescriptor.valueOf(String.class);
-			TypeDescriptor target = new TypeDescriptor(methodParam);
+			TypeDescriptor target = new TypeDescriptor(parameter);
 			if (conversionService.canConvert(source, target)) {
-				return binder.convertIfNecessary(sourceValue, methodParam.getParameterType(), methodParam);
+				return binder.convertIfNecessary(sourceValue, parameter.getParameterType(), parameter);
 			}
 		}
 		return null;

spring-webmvc/src/test/java/org/springframework/web/servlet/mvc/method/annotation/AbstractServletHandlerMethodTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2012 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2017 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ import static org.junit.Assert.*;
 /**
  * Base class for tests using on the DispatcherServlet and HandlerMethod infrastructure classes:
  * <ul>
- * 	<li>RequestMappingHandlerMapping
+ * <li>RequestMappingHandlerMapping
- * 	<li>RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
+ * <li>RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
- * 	<li>ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver
+ * <li>ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver
  * </ul>
  *
  * @author Rossen Stoyanchev
@@ -46,21 +46,23 @@ public abstract class AbstractServletHandlerMethodTests {
 
 	private DispatcherServlet servlet;
 
-	@After
-	public void tearDown() {
-		this.servlet = null;
-	}
 
 	protected DispatcherServlet getServlet() {
 		assertNotNull("DispatcherServlet not initialized", servlet);
 		return servlet;
 	}
 
+	@After
+	public void tearDown() {
+		this.servlet = null;
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Initialize a DispatcherServlet instance registering zero or more controller classes.
 	 */
 	protected WebApplicationContext initServletWithControllers(final Class<?>... controllerClasses)
 			throws ServletException {
+
 		return initServlet(null, controllerClasses);
 	}
 
@@ -82,22 +84,17 @@ public abstract class AbstractServletHandlerMethodTests {
 					wac.registerBeanDefinition(clazz.getSimpleName(), new RootBeanDefinition(clazz));
 				}
 
-				Class<?> mappingType = RequestMappingHandlerMapping.class;
+				RootBeanDefinition mappingDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerMapping.class);
-				RootBeanDefinition beanDef = new RootBeanDefinition(mappingType);
+				mappingDef.getPropertyValues().add("removeSemicolonContent", "false");
-				beanDef.getPropertyValues().add("removeSemicolonContent", "false");
+				wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerMapping", mappingDef);
-				wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerMapping", beanDef);
 
-				Class<?> adapterType = RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class;
+				wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class));
-				wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", new RootBeanDefinition(adapterType));
 
-				Class<?> resolverType = ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver.class;
+				wac.registerBeanDefinition("requestMappingResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver.class));
-				wac.registerBeanDefinition("requestMappingResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(resolverType));
 
-				resolverType = ResponseStatusExceptionResolver.class;
+				wac.registerBeanDefinition("responseStatusResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(ResponseStatusExceptionResolver.class));
-				wac.registerBeanDefinition("responseStatusResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(resolverType));
 
-				resolverType = DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver.class;
+				wac.registerBeanDefinition("defaultResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver.class));
-				wac.registerBeanDefinition("defaultResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(resolverType));
 
 				if (initializer != null) {
 					initializer.initialize(wac);

spring-webmvc/src/test/java/org/springframework/web/servlet/mvc/method/annotation/ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests.java

@@ -42,10 +42,10 @@ import java.util.LinkedList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.Set;
 import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
 import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
-import javax.servlet.ServletException;
 import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
@@ -66,7 +66,6 @@ import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition;
 import org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.CustomDateEditor;
-import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigUtils;
 import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
 import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter;
@@ -131,7 +130,6 @@ import org.springframework.web.bind.support.WebBindingInitializer;
 import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
 import org.springframework.web.context.request.NativeWebRequest;
 import org.springframework.web.context.request.WebRequest;
-import org.springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext;
 import org.springframework.web.method.support.HandlerMethodArgumentResolver;
 import org.springframework.web.multipart.support.StringMultipartFileEditor;
 import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@@ -142,14 +140,7 @@ import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.RedirectAttributes;
 import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.RequestContextUtils;
 import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertSame;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
 /**
  * @author Rossen Stoyanchev
@@ -247,13 +238,10 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 
 	@Test
 	public void defaultExpressionParameters() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(wac -> {
-			@Override
+			RootBeanDefinition ppc = new RootBeanDefinition(PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer.class);
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext context) {
+			ppc.getPropertyValues().add("properties", "myKey=foo");
-				RootBeanDefinition ppc = new RootBeanDefinition(PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer.class);
+			wac.registerBeanDefinition("ppc", ppc);
-				ppc.getPropertyValues().add("properties", "myKey=foo");
-				context.registerBeanDefinition("ppc", ppc);
-			}
 		}, DefaultExpressionValueParamController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/myApp/myPath.do");
@@ -271,17 +259,14 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 
 	@Test
 	public void typeNestedSetBinding() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(wac -> {
-			@Override
+			RootBeanDefinition csDef = new RootBeanDefinition(FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean.class);
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext context) {
+			csDef.getPropertyValues().add("converters", new TestBeanConverter());
-				RootBeanDefinition csDef = new RootBeanDefinition(FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean.class);
+			RootBeanDefinition wbiDef = new RootBeanDefinition(ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer.class);
-				csDef.getPropertyValues().add("converters", new TestBeanConverter());
+			wbiDef.getPropertyValues().add("conversionService", csDef);
-				RootBeanDefinition wbiDef = new RootBeanDefinition(ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer.class);
+			RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
-				wbiDef.getPropertyValues().add("conversionService", csDef);
+			adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("webBindingInitializer", wbiDef);
-				RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
+			wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-				adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("webBindingInitializer", wbiDef);
-				context.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-			}
 		}, NestedSetController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/myPath.do");
@@ -293,17 +278,14 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 
 	@Test  // SPR-12903
 	public void pathVariableWithCustomConverter() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(wac -> {
-			@Override
+			RootBeanDefinition csDef = new RootBeanDefinition(FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean.class);
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext context) {
+			csDef.getPropertyValues().add("converters", new AnnotatedExceptionRaisingConverter());
-				RootBeanDefinition csDef = new RootBeanDefinition(FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean.class);
+			RootBeanDefinition wbiDef = new RootBeanDefinition(ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer.class);
-				csDef.getPropertyValues().add("converters", new AnnotatedExceptionRaisingConverter());
+			wbiDef.getPropertyValues().add("conversionService", csDef);
-				RootBeanDefinition wbiDef = new RootBeanDefinition(ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer.class);
+			RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
-				wbiDef.getPropertyValues().add("conversionService", csDef);
+			adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("webBindingInitializer", wbiDef);
-				RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
+			wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-				adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("webBindingInitializer", wbiDef);
-				context.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-			}
 		}, PathVariableWithCustomConverterController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/myPath/1");
@@ -335,13 +317,10 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 
 	@Test
 	public void emptyParameterListHandleMethod() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(wac -> {
-			@Override
+			RootBeanDefinition vrDef = new RootBeanDefinition(InternalResourceViewResolver.class);
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext context) {
+			vrDef.getPropertyValues().add("suffix", ".jsp");
-				RootBeanDefinition vrDef = new RootBeanDefinition(InternalResourceViewResolver.class);
+			wac.registerBeanDefinition("viewResolver", vrDef);
-				vrDef.getPropertyValues().add("suffix", ".jsp");
-				context.registerBeanDefinition("viewResolver", vrDef);
-			}
 		}, EmptyParameterListHandlerMethodController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/emptyParameterListHandler");
@@ -356,12 +335,9 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
 	@Test
 	public void sessionAttributeExposure() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(
-			@Override
+				wac -> wac.registerBeanDefinition("viewResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(ModelExposingViewResolver.class)),
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext context) {
+				MySessionAttributesController.class);
-				context.registerBeanDefinition("viewResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(ModelExposingViewResolver.class));
-			}
-		}, MySessionAttributesController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/myPage");
 		MockHttpServletResponse response = new MockHttpServletResponse();
@@ -387,15 +363,12 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
 	@Test
 	public void sessionAttributeExposureWithInterface() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(wac -> {
-			@Override
+			wac.registerBeanDefinition("viewResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(ModelExposingViewResolver.class));
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext context) {
+			DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator autoProxyCreator = new DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator();
-				context.registerBeanDefinition("viewResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(ModelExposingViewResolver.class));
+			autoProxyCreator.setBeanFactory(wac.getBeanFactory());
-				DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator autoProxyCreator = new DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator();
+			wac.getBeanFactory().addBeanPostProcessor(autoProxyCreator);
-				autoProxyCreator.setBeanFactory(context.getBeanFactory());
+			wac.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("advisor", new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(new SimpleTraceInterceptor()));
-				context.getBeanFactory().addBeanPostProcessor(autoProxyCreator);
-				context.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("advisor", new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(new SimpleTraceInterceptor()));
-			}
 		}, MySessionAttributesControllerImpl.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/myPage");
@@ -422,12 +395,9 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
 	@Test
 	public void parameterizedAnnotatedInterface() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(
-			@Override
+				wac -> wac.registerBeanDefinition("viewResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(ModelExposingViewResolver.class)),
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext context) {
+				MyParameterizedControllerImpl.class);
-				context.registerBeanDefinition("viewResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(ModelExposingViewResolver.class));
-			}
-		}, MyParameterizedControllerImpl.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/myPage");
 		MockHttpServletResponse response = new MockHttpServletResponse();
@@ -455,12 +425,9 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
 	@Test
 	public void parameterizedAnnotatedInterfaceWithOverriddenMappingsInImpl() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(
-			@Override
+				wac -> wac.registerBeanDefinition("viewResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(ModelExposingViewResolver.class)),
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext context) {
+				MyParameterizedControllerImplWithOverriddenMappings.class);
-				context.registerBeanDefinition("viewResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(ModelExposingViewResolver.class));
-			}
-		}, MyParameterizedControllerImplWithOverriddenMappings.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/myPage");
 		MockHttpServletResponse response = new MockHttpServletResponse();
@@ -540,12 +507,9 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 
 	@Test
 	public void formController() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(
-			@Override
+				wac -> wac.registerBeanDefinition("viewResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(TestViewResolver.class)),
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext wac) {
+				MyFormController.class);
-				wac.registerBeanDefinition("viewResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(TestViewResolver.class));
-			}
-		}, MyFormController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/myPath.do");
 		request.addParameter("name", "name1");
@@ -557,12 +521,9 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 
 	@Test
 	public void modelFormController() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(
-			@Override
+				wac -> wac.registerBeanDefinition("viewResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(TestViewResolver.class)),
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext wac) {
+				MyModelFormController.class);
-				wac.registerBeanDefinition("viewResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(TestViewResolver.class));
-			}
-		}, MyModelFormController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/myPath.do");
 		request.addParameter("name", "name1");
@@ -574,16 +535,13 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 
 	@Test
 	public void proxiedFormController() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(wac -> {
-			@Override
+			wac.registerBeanDefinition("viewResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(TestViewResolver.class));
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext wac) {
+			DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator autoProxyCreator = new DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator();
-				wac.registerBeanDefinition("viewResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(TestViewResolver.class));
+			autoProxyCreator.setBeanFactory(wac.getBeanFactory());
-				DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator autoProxyCreator = new DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator();
+			wac.getBeanFactory().addBeanPostProcessor(autoProxyCreator);
-				autoProxyCreator.setBeanFactory(wac.getBeanFactory());
+			wac.getBeanFactory()
-				wac.getBeanFactory().addBeanPostProcessor(autoProxyCreator);
+					.registerSingleton("advisor", new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(new SimpleTraceInterceptor()));
-				wac.getBeanFactory()
-						.registerSingleton("advisor", new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(new SimpleTraceInterceptor()));
-			}
 		}, MyFormController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/myPath.do");
@@ -596,14 +554,11 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 
 	@Test
 	public void commandProvidingFormControllerWithCustomEditor() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(wac -> {
-			@Override
+			wac.registerBeanDefinition("viewResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(TestViewResolver.class));
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext wac) {
+			RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
-				wac.registerBeanDefinition("viewResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(TestViewResolver.class));
+			adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("webBindingInitializer", new MyWebBindingInitializer());
-				RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
+			wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-				adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("webBindingInitializer", new MyWebBindingInitializer());
-				wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-			}
 		}, MyCommandProvidingFormController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/myPath.do");
@@ -617,17 +572,14 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 
 	@Test
 	public void typedCommandProvidingFormController() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(wac -> {
-			@Override
+			wac.registerBeanDefinition("viewResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(TestViewResolver.class));
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext wac) {
+			RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
-				wac.registerBeanDefinition("viewResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(TestViewResolver.class));
+			adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("webBindingInitializer", new MyWebBindingInitializer());
-				RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
+			List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> argumentResolvers = new ArrayList<>();
-				adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("webBindingInitializer", new MyWebBindingInitializer());
+			argumentResolvers.add(new ServletWebArgumentResolverAdapter(new MySpecialArgumentResolver()));
-				List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> argumentResolvers = new ArrayList<>();
+			adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("customArgumentResolvers", argumentResolvers);
-				argumentResolvers.add(new ServletWebArgumentResolverAdapter(new MySpecialArgumentResolver()));
+			wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-				adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("customArgumentResolvers", argumentResolvers);
-				wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-			}
 		}, MyTypedCommandProvidingFormController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/myPath.do");
@@ -657,12 +609,7 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 
 	@Test
 	public void binderInitializingCommandProvidingFormController() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(wac -> wac.registerBeanDefinition("viewResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(TestViewResolver.class)), MyBinderInitializingCommandProvidingFormController.class);
-			@Override
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext wac) {
-				wac.registerBeanDefinition("viewResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(TestViewResolver.class));
-			}
-		}, MyBinderInitializingCommandProvidingFormController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/myPath.do");
 		request.addParameter("defaultName", "myDefaultName");
@@ -675,12 +622,7 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 
 	@Test
 	public void specificBinderInitializingCommandProvidingFormController() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(wac -> wac.registerBeanDefinition("viewResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(TestViewResolver.class)), MySpecificBinderInitializingCommandProvidingFormController.class);
-			@Override
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext wac) {
-				wac.registerBeanDefinition("viewResolver", new RootBeanDefinition(TestViewResolver.class));
-			}
-		}, MySpecificBinderInitializingCommandProvidingFormController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/myPath.do");
 		request.addParameter("defaultName", "myDefaultName");
@@ -696,15 +638,12 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 		final MockServletContext servletContext = new MockServletContext();
 		final MockServletConfig servletConfig = new MockServletConfig(servletContext);
 
-		WebApplicationContext  webAppContext =
+		WebApplicationContext webAppContext =
-			initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+			initServlet(wac -> {
-				@Override
+				wac.setServletContext(servletContext);
-				public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext wac) {
+				AnnotationConfigUtils.registerAnnotationConfigProcessors(wac);
-					wac.setServletContext(servletContext);
+				wac.getBeanFactory().registerResolvableDependency(ServletConfig.class, servletConfig);
-					AnnotationConfigUtils.registerAnnotationConfigProcessors(wac);
+			}, MyParameterDispatchingController.class);
-					wac.getBeanFactory().registerResolvableDependency(ServletConfig.class, servletConfig);
-				}
-		}, MyParameterDispatchingController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest(servletContext, "GET", "/myPath.do");
 		MockHttpServletResponse response = new MockHttpServletResponse();
@@ -830,7 +769,7 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void pathOrdering() throws ServletException, IOException {
+	public void pathOrdering() throws Exception {
 		initServletWithControllers(PathOrderingController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/dir/myPath1.do");
@@ -840,7 +779,7 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void requestBodyResponseBody() throws ServletException, IOException {
+	public void requestBodyResponseBody() throws Exception {
 		initServletWithControllers(RequestResponseBodyController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("PUT", "/something");
@@ -855,7 +794,7 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void httpPatch() throws ServletException, IOException {
+	public void httpPatch() throws Exception {
 		initServletWithControllers(RequestResponseBodyController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("PATCH", "/something");
@@ -870,15 +809,12 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void responseBodyNoAcceptableMediaType() throws ServletException, IOException {
+	public void responseBodyNoAcceptableMediaType() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(wac -> {
-			@Override
+			RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext wac) {
+			StringHttpMessageConverter converter = new StringHttpMessageConverter();
-				RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
+			adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("messageConverters", converter);
-				StringHttpMessageConverter converter = new StringHttpMessageConverter();
+			wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-				adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("messageConverters", converter);
-				wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-			}
 		}, RequestResponseBodyProducesController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("PUT", "/something");
@@ -892,7 +828,7 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void responseBodyWildCardMediaType() throws ServletException, IOException {
+	public void responseBodyWildCardMediaType() throws Exception {
 		initServletWithControllers(RequestResponseBodyController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("PUT", "/something");
@@ -906,14 +842,11 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void unsupportedRequestBody() throws ServletException, IOException {
+	public void unsupportedRequestBody() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(wac -> {
-			@Override
+			RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext wac) {
+			adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("messageConverters", new ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter());
-				RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
+			wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-				adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("messageConverters", new ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter());
-				wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-			}
 		}, RequestResponseBodyController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("PUT", "/something");
@@ -927,7 +860,7 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void responseBodyNoAcceptHeader() throws ServletException, IOException {
+	public void responseBodyNoAcceptHeader() throws Exception {
 		initServletWithControllers(RequestResponseBodyController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("PUT", "/something");
@@ -941,14 +874,11 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void badRequestRequestBody() throws ServletException, IOException {
+	public void badRequestRequestBody() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(wac -> {
-			@Override
+			RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext wac) {
+			adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("messageConverters", new NotReadableMessageConverter());
-				RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
+			wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-				adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("messageConverters", new NotReadableMessageConverter());
-				wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-			}
 		}, RequestResponseBodyController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("PUT", "/something");
@@ -961,7 +891,7 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void httpEntity() throws ServletException, IOException {
+	public void httpEntity() throws Exception {
 		initServletWithControllers(ResponseEntityController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("POST", "/foo");
@@ -983,23 +913,16 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 		assertEquals(404, response.getStatus());
 	}
 
-
+	@Test  // SPR-6877
-	/*
+	public void overlappingMessageConvertersRequestBody() throws Exception {
-	 * See SPR-6877
+		initServlet(wac -> {
-	 */
+			RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
-	@Test
+			List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> messageConverters = new ArrayList<>();
-	public void overlappingMessageConvertersRequestBody() throws ServletException, IOException {
+			messageConverters.add(new StringHttpMessageConverter());
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+			messageConverters
-			@Override
+					.add(new SimpleMessageConverter(new MediaType("application","json"), MediaType.ALL));
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext wac) {
+			adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("messageConverters", messageConverters);
-				RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
+			wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-				List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> messageConverters = new ArrayList<>();
-				messageConverters.add(new StringHttpMessageConverter());
-				messageConverters
-						.add(new SimpleMessageConverter(new MediaType("application","json"), MediaType.ALL));
-				adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("messageConverters", messageConverters);
-				wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-			}
 		}, RequestResponseBodyController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("PUT", "/something");
@@ -1012,7 +935,7 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void responseBodyVoid() throws ServletException, IOException {
+	public void responseBodyVoid() throws Exception {
 		initServletWithControllers(ResponseBodyVoidController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/something");
@@ -1023,24 +946,21 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void responseBodyArgMismatch() throws ServletException, IOException {
+	public void responseBodyArgMismatch() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(wac -> {
-			@Override
+			Jaxb2Marshaller marshaller = new Jaxb2Marshaller();
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext wac) {
+			marshaller.setClassesToBeBound(A.class, B.class);
-				Jaxb2Marshaller marshaller = new Jaxb2Marshaller();
+			try {
-				marshaller.setClassesToBeBound(A.class, B.class);
+				marshaller.afterPropertiesSet();
-				try {
-					marshaller.afterPropertiesSet();
-				}
-				catch (Exception ex) {
-					throw new BeanCreationException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
-				}
-				MarshallingHttpMessageConverter messageConverter = new MarshallingHttpMessageConverter(marshaller);
-
-				RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
-				adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("messageConverters", messageConverter);
-				wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
 			}
+			catch (Exception ex) {
+				throw new BeanCreationException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
+			}
+			MarshallingHttpMessageConverter messageConverter = new MarshallingHttpMessageConverter(marshaller);
+
+			RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
+			adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("messageConverters", messageConverter);
+			wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
 		}, RequestBodyArgMismatchController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("PUT", "/something");
@@ -1054,7 +974,7 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 
 
 	@Test
-	public void contentTypeHeaders() throws ServletException, IOException {
+	public void contentTypeHeaders() throws Exception {
 		initServletWithControllers(ContentTypeHeadersController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("POST", "/something");
@@ -1077,7 +997,7 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void consumes() throws ServletException, IOException {
+	public void consumes() throws Exception {
 		initServletWithControllers(ConsumesController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("POST", "/something");
@@ -1100,7 +1020,7 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void negatedContentTypeHeaders() throws ServletException, IOException {
+	public void negatedContentTypeHeaders() throws Exception {
 		initServletWithControllers(NegatedContentTypeHeadersController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("POST", "/something");
@@ -1117,7 +1037,7 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void acceptHeaders() throws ServletException, IOException {
+	public void acceptHeaders() throws Exception {
 		initServletWithControllers(AcceptHeadersController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/something");
@@ -1152,7 +1072,7 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void produces() throws ServletException, IOException {
+	public void produces() throws Exception {
 		initServletWithControllers(ProducesController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/something");
@@ -1187,7 +1107,7 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void responseStatus() throws ServletException, IOException {
+	public void responseStatus() throws Exception {
 		initServletWithControllers(ResponseStatusController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/something");
@@ -1199,15 +1119,12 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void mavResolver() throws ServletException, IOException {
+	public void mavResolver() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(wac -> {
-			@Override
+			RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext wac) {
+			ModelAndViewResolver[] mavResolvers = new ModelAndViewResolver[] {new MyModelAndViewResolver()};
-				RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
+			adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("modelAndViewResolvers", mavResolvers);
-				ModelAndViewResolver[] mavResolvers = new ModelAndViewResolver[] {new MyModelAndViewResolver()};
+			wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-				adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("modelAndViewResolvers", mavResolvers);
-				wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-			}
 		}, ModelAndViewResolverController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/");
@@ -1218,7 +1135,7 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void bindingCookieValue() throws ServletException, IOException {
+	public void bindingCookieValue() throws Exception {
 		initServletWithControllers(BindingCookieValueController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/test");
@@ -1229,7 +1146,7 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void ambiguousParams() throws ServletException, IOException {
+	public void ambiguousParams() throws Exception {
 		initServletWithControllers(AmbiguousParamsController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/test");
@@ -1327,14 +1244,11 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 
 	@Test
 	public void requestMappingInterfaceWithProxy() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(wac -> {
-			@Override
+			DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator autoProxyCreator = new DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator();
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext wac) {
+			autoProxyCreator.setBeanFactory(wac.getBeanFactory());
-				DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator autoProxyCreator = new DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator();
+			wac.getBeanFactory().addBeanPostProcessor(autoProxyCreator);
-				autoProxyCreator.setBeanFactory(wac.getBeanFactory());
+			wac.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("advisor", new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(new SimpleTraceInterceptor()));
-				wac.getBeanFactory().addBeanPostProcessor(autoProxyCreator);
-				wac.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("advisor", new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(new SimpleTraceInterceptor()));
-			}
 		}, IMyControllerImpl.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/handle");
@@ -1465,16 +1379,13 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 
 	@Test
 	public void parameterCsvAsStringArray() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(wac -> {
-			@Override
+			RootBeanDefinition csDef = new RootBeanDefinition(FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean.class);
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext wac) {
+			RootBeanDefinition wbiDef = new RootBeanDefinition(ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer.class);
-				RootBeanDefinition csDef = new RootBeanDefinition(FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean.class);
+			wbiDef.getPropertyValues().add("conversionService", csDef);
-				RootBeanDefinition wbiDef = new RootBeanDefinition(ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer.class);
+			RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
-				wbiDef.getPropertyValues().add("conversionService", csDef);
+			adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("webBindingInitializer", wbiDef);
-				RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
+			wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-				adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("webBindingInitializer", wbiDef);
-				wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-			}
 		}, CsvController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest();
@@ -1595,13 +1506,10 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 
 	@Test
 	public void prototypeController() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(wac -> {
-			@Override
+			RootBeanDefinition beanDef = new RootBeanDefinition(PrototypeController.class);
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext context) {
+			beanDef.setScope(BeanDefinition.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE);
-				RootBeanDefinition beanDef = new RootBeanDefinition(PrototypeController.class);
+			wac.registerBeanDefinition("controller", beanDef);
-				beanDef.setScope(BeanDefinition.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE);
-				context.registerBeanDefinition("controller", beanDef);
-			}
 		});
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/");
@@ -1652,15 +1560,12 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 
 	@Test
 	public void responseBodyAsHtml() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(wac -> {
-			@Override
+			ContentNegotiationManagerFactoryBean factoryBean = new ContentNegotiationManagerFactoryBean();
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext wac) {
+			factoryBean.afterPropertiesSet();
-				ContentNegotiationManagerFactoryBean factoryBean = new ContentNegotiationManagerFactoryBean();
+			RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
-				factoryBean.afterPropertiesSet();
+			adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("contentNegotiationManager", factoryBean.getObject());
-				RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
+			wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-				adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("contentNegotiationManager", factoryBean.getObject());
-				wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-			}
 		}, TextRestController.class);
 
 		byte[] content = "alert('boo')".getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1);
@@ -1678,15 +1583,12 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 
 	@Test
 	public void responseBodyAsHtmlWithSuffixPresent() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(wac -> {
-			@Override
+			ContentNegotiationManagerFactoryBean factoryBean = new ContentNegotiationManagerFactoryBean();
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext wac) {
+			factoryBean.afterPropertiesSet();
-				ContentNegotiationManagerFactoryBean factoryBean = new ContentNegotiationManagerFactoryBean();
+			RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
-				factoryBean.afterPropertiesSet();
+			adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("contentNegotiationManager", factoryBean.getObject());
-				RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
+			wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-				adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("contentNegotiationManager", factoryBean.getObject());
-				wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-			}
 		}, TextRestController.class);
 
 		byte[] content = "alert('boo')".getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1);
@@ -1704,15 +1606,12 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 
 	@Test
 	public void responseBodyAsHtmlWithProducesCondition() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(wac -> {
-			@Override
+			ContentNegotiationManagerFactoryBean factoryBean = new ContentNegotiationManagerFactoryBean();
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext wac) {
+			factoryBean.afterPropertiesSet();
-				ContentNegotiationManagerFactoryBean factoryBean = new ContentNegotiationManagerFactoryBean();
+			RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
-				factoryBean.afterPropertiesSet();
+			adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("contentNegotiationManager", factoryBean.getObject());
-				RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
+			wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-				adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("contentNegotiationManager", factoryBean.getObject());
-				wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-			}
 		}, TextRestController.class);
 
 		byte[] content = "alert('boo')".getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1);
@@ -1730,15 +1629,12 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 
 	@Test
 	public void responseBodyAsTextWithCssExtension() throws Exception {
-		initServlet(new ApplicationContextInitializer<GenericWebApplicationContext>() {
+		initServlet(wac -> {
-			@Override
+			ContentNegotiationManagerFactoryBean factoryBean = new ContentNegotiationManagerFactoryBean();
-			public void initialize(GenericWebApplicationContext wac) {
+			factoryBean.afterPropertiesSet();
-				ContentNegotiationManagerFactoryBean factoryBean = new ContentNegotiationManagerFactoryBean();
+			RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
-				factoryBean.afterPropertiesSet();
+			adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("contentNegotiationManager", factoryBean.getObject());
-				RootBeanDefinition adapterDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
+			wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-				adapterDef.getPropertyValues().add("contentNegotiationManager", factoryBean.getObject());
-				wac.registerBeanDefinition("handlerAdapter", adapterDef);
-			}
 		}, TextRestController.class);
 
 		byte[] content = "body".getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1);
@@ -1779,7 +1675,7 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void httpHead() throws ServletException, IOException {
+	public void httpHead() throws Exception {
 		initServletWithControllers(ResponseEntityController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("HEAD", "/baz");
@@ -1803,7 +1699,7 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void httpHeadExplicit() throws ServletException, IOException {
+	public void httpHeadExplicit() throws Exception {
 		initServletWithControllers(ResponseEntityController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("HEAD", "/stores");
@@ -1815,7 +1711,7 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void httpOptions() throws ServletException, IOException {
+	public void httpOptions() throws Exception {
 		initServletWithControllers(ResponseEntityController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("OPTIONS", "/baz");
@@ -1828,7 +1724,7 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void dataClassBinding() throws ServletException, IOException {
+	public void dataClassBinding() throws Exception {
 		initServletWithControllers(DataClassController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/bind");
@@ -1840,7 +1736,7 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void dataClassBindingWithAdditionalSetter() throws ServletException, IOException {
+	public void dataClassBindingWithAdditionalSetter() throws Exception {
 		initServletWithControllers(DataClassController.class);
 
 		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/bind");
@@ -1852,6 +1748,66 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 		assertEquals("value1-2-3", response.getContentAsString());
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	public void dataClassBindingWithResult() throws Exception {
+		initServletWithControllers(ValidatedDataClassController.class);
+
+		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/bind");
+		request.addParameter("param1", "value1");
+		request.addParameter("param2", "2");
+		request.addParameter("param3", "3");
+		MockHttpServletResponse response = new MockHttpServletResponse();
+		getServlet().service(request, response);
+		assertEquals("value1-2-3", response.getContentAsString());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void dataClassBindingWithConversionError() throws Exception {
+		initServletWithControllers(ValidatedDataClassController.class);
+
+		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/bind");
+		request.addParameter("param2", "x");
+		MockHttpServletResponse response = new MockHttpServletResponse();
+		getServlet().service(request, response);
+		assertTrue(response.getContentAsString().contains("field 'param2'"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void dataClassBindingWithValidationError() throws Exception {
+		initServletWithControllers(ValidatedDataClassController.class);
+
+		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/bind");
+		request.addParameter("param2", "2");
+		request.addParameter("param3", "3");
+		MockHttpServletResponse response = new MockHttpServletResponse();
+		getServlet().service(request, response);
+		assertTrue(response.getContentAsString().contains("field 'param1'"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void dataClassBindingWithOptional() throws Exception {
+		initServletWithControllers(OptionalDataClassController.class);
+
+		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/bind");
+		request.addParameter("param1", "value1");
+		request.addParameter("param2", "2");
+		request.addParameter("param3", "3");
+		MockHttpServletResponse response = new MockHttpServletResponse();
+		getServlet().service(request, response);
+		assertEquals("value1-2-3", response.getContentAsString());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void dataClassBindingWithOptionalAndConversionError() throws Exception {
+		initServletWithControllers(OptionalDataClassController.class);
+
+		MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest("GET", "/bind");
+		request.addParameter("param2", "x");
+		MockHttpServletResponse response = new MockHttpServletResponse();
+		getServlet().service(request, response);
+		assertTrue(response.getContentAsString().contains("field 'param2'"));
+	}
+
 
 	@Controller
 	static class ControllerWithEmptyValueMapping {
@@ -2195,11 +2151,8 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	@Controller
 	static class MyCommandProvidingFormController<T, TB, TB2> extends MyFormController {
 
-		@SuppressWarnings("unused")
 		@ModelAttribute("myCommand")
-		private ValidTestBean createTestBean(@RequestParam T defaultName,
+		public ValidTestBean createTestBean(@RequestParam T defaultName, Map<String, Object> model, @RequestParam Date date) {
-				Map<String, Object> model,
-				@RequestParam Date date) {
 			model.put("myKey", "myOriginalValue");
 			ValidTestBean tb = new ValidTestBean();
 			tb.setName(defaultName.getClass().getSimpleName() + ":" + defaultName.toString());
@@ -2253,9 +2206,8 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	static class MyBinderInitializingCommandProvidingFormController
 			extends MyCommandProvidingFormController<String, TestBean, ITestBean> {
 
-		@SuppressWarnings("unused")
 		@InitBinder
-		private void initBinder(WebDataBinder binder) {
+		public void initBinder(WebDataBinder binder) {
 			binder.initBeanPropertyAccess();
 			binder.setRequiredFields("sex");
 			LocalValidatorFactoryBean vf = new LocalValidatorFactoryBean();
@@ -2280,9 +2232,8 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 	static class MySpecificBinderInitializingCommandProvidingFormController
 			extends MyCommandProvidingFormController<String, TestBean, ITestBean> {
 
-		@SuppressWarnings("unused")
 		@InitBinder({"myCommand", "date"})
-		private void initBinder(WebDataBinder binder, String date, @RequestParam("date") String[] date2) {
+		public void initBinder(WebDataBinder binder, String date, @RequestParam("date") String[] date2) {
 			LocalValidatorFactoryBean vf = new LocalValidatorFactoryBean();
 			vf.afterPropertiesSet();
 			binder.setValidator(vf);
@@ -3382,6 +3333,7 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 
 	public static class DataClass {
 
+		@NotNull
 		public final String param1;
 
 		public final int param2;
@@ -3408,4 +3360,37 @@ public class ServletAnnotationControllerHandlerMethodTests extends AbstractServl
 		}
 	}
 
+	@RestController
+	public static class ValidatedDataClassController {
+
+		@InitBinder
+		public void initBinder(WebDataBinder binder) {
+			LocalValidatorFactoryBean vf = new LocalValidatorFactoryBean();
+			vf.afterPropertiesSet();
+			binder.setValidator(vf);
+		}
+
+		@RequestMapping("/bind")
+		public String handle(@Valid DataClass data, BindingResult result) {
+			if (result.hasErrors()) {
+				return result.toString();
+			}
+			return data.param1 + "-" + data.param2 + "-" + data.param3;
+		}
+	}
+
+	@RestController
+	public static class OptionalDataClassController {
+
+		@RequestMapping("/bind")
+		public String handle(Optional<DataClass> optionalData, BindingResult result) {
+			if (result.hasErrors()) {
+				assertNotNull(optionalData);
+				assertFalse(optionalData.isPresent());
+				return result.toString();
+			}
+			return optionalData.map(data -> data.param1 + "-" + data.param2 + "-" + data.param3).orElse("");
+		}
+	}
+
 }