Avoid infinite loop in AnnotationScanner

Prior to this commit, scanning for annotations resulted in an infinite
loop when using the INHERITED_ANNOTATIONS search strategy and a class
filter that filters out visited classes.

This commit avoids an infinite loop in AnnotationsScanner's
processClassInheritedAnnotations(...) method by skipping the current
level of the class hierarchy when the current source class has been
filtered out.

Closes gh-25429

spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/core/annotation/AnnotationsScannerTests.java

@@ -499,6 +499,22 @@ class AnnotationsScannerTests {
 		assertThat(result).isEqualTo("OK");
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void scanWithFilteredAll() {
+		List<Integer> indexes = new ArrayList<>();
+		String result = AnnotationsScanner.scan(this, WithSingleSuperclass.class,
+				SearchStrategy.INHERITED_ANNOTATIONS,
+				(context, aggregateIndex, source, annotations) -> {
+					indexes.add(aggregateIndex);
+					return "";
+				},
+				(context,cls)->{
+					return true;
+				}
+				);
+		assertThat(result).isNull();
+	}
+
 
 	private Method methodFrom(Class<?> type) {
 		return ReflectionUtils.findMethod(type, "method");