diff --git a/spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/parsing/ParseState.java b/spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/parsing/ParseState.java
index 0277bc0a0f..afbb139571 100644
--- a/spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/parsing/ParseState.java
+++ b/spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/parsing/ParseState.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2020 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -98,9 +98,7 @@ public final class ParseState {
 		for (ParseState.Entry entry : this.state) {
 			if (i > 0) {
 				sb.append('\n');
-				for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
-					sb.append('\t');
-				}
+				sb.append("\t".repeat(i));
 				sb.append("-> ");
 			}
 			sb.append(entry);
diff --git a/spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/util/pattern/PatternParseException.java b/spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/util/pattern/PatternParseException.java
index 1e49751da8..ad41a2c80b 100644
--- a/spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/util/pattern/PatternParseException.java
+++ b/spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/util/pattern/PatternParseException.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2021 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -68,9 +68,7 @@ public class PatternParseException extends IllegalArgumentException {
 	public String toDetailedString() {
 		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 		sb.append(this.pattern).append('\n');
-		for (int i = 0; i < this.position; i++) {
-			sb.append(' ');
-		}
+		sb.append(" ".repeat(Math.max(0, this.position)));
 		sb.append("^\n");
 		sb.append(getMessage());
 		return sb.toString();
diff --git a/spring-webflux/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/reactive/function/server/ToStringVisitor.java b/spring-webflux/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/reactive/function/server/ToStringVisitor.java
index 3adb272358..aae2c5086d 100644
--- a/spring-webflux/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/reactive/function/server/ToStringVisitor.java
+++ b/spring-webflux/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/reactive/function/server/ToStringVisitor.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2019 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -81,9 +81,7 @@ class ToStringVisitor implements RouterFunctions.Visitor, RequestPredicates.Visi
 	}
 
 	private void indent() {
-		for (int i = 0; i < this.indent; i++) {
-			this.builder.append(' ');
-		}
+		this.builder.append(" ".repeat(Math.max(0, this.indent)));
 	}
 
 
diff --git a/spring-webmvc/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/servlet/function/ToStringVisitor.java b/spring-webmvc/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/servlet/function/ToStringVisitor.java
index dbbe254804..5611af3995 100644
--- a/spring-webmvc/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/servlet/function/ToStringVisitor.java
+++ b/spring-webmvc/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/servlet/function/ToStringVisitor.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2019 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -80,9 +80,7 @@ class ToStringVisitor implements RouterFunctions.Visitor, RequestPredicates.Visi
 	}
 
 	private void indent() {
-		for (int i = 0; i < this.indent; i++) {
-			this.builder.append(' ');
-		}
+		this.builder.append(" ".repeat(Math.max(0, this.indent)));
 	}
 
 
diff --git a/spring-websocket/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/socket/sockjs/frame/AbstractSockJsMessageCodec.java b/spring-websocket/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/socket/sockjs/frame/AbstractSockJsMessageCodec.java
index 6fb86f4df4..044a4a7bce 100644
--- a/spring-websocket/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/socket/sockjs/frame/AbstractSockJsMessageCodec.java
+++ b/spring-websocket/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/socket/sockjs/frame/AbstractSockJsMessageCodec.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -59,9 +59,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractSockJsMessageCodec implements SockJsMessageCodec {
 			if (isSockJsSpecialChar(c)) {
 				result.append('\\').append('u');
 				String hex = Integer.toHexString(c).toLowerCase();
-				for (int i = 0; i < (4 - hex.length()); i++) {
-					result.append('0');
-				}
+				result.append("0".repeat(Math.max(0, (4 - hex.length()))));
 				result.append(hex);
 			}
 			else {