Support annotation attribute aliases and overrides via @AliasFor

This commit introduces first-class support for aliases for annotation
attributes. Specifically, this commit introduces a new @AliasFor
annotation that can be used to declare a pair of aliased attributes
within a single annotation or an alias from an attribute in a custom
composed annotation to an attribute in a meta-annotation.

To support @AliasFor within annotation instances, AnnotationUtils has
been overhauled to "synthesize" any annotations returned by "get" and
"find" searches. A SynthesizedAnnotation is an annotation that is
wrapped in a JDK dynamic proxy which provides run-time support for
@AliasFor semantics. SynthesizedAnnotationInvocationHandler is the
actual handler behind the proxy.

In addition, the contract for @AliasFor is fully validated, and an
AnnotationConfigurationException is thrown in case invalid
configuration is detected.

For example, @ContextConfiguration from the spring-test module is now
declared as follows:

    public @interface ContextConfiguration {

        @AliasFor(attribute = "locations")
        String[] value() default {};

        @AliasFor(attribute = "value")
        String[] locations() default {};

        // ...
    }

The following annotations and their related support classes have been
modified to use @AliasFor.

- @ManagedResource
- @ContextConfiguration
- @ActiveProfiles
- @TestExecutionListeners
- @TestPropertySource
- @Sql
- @ControllerAdvice
- @RequestMapping

Similarly, support for AnnotationAttributes has been reworked to
support @AliasFor as well. This allows for fine-grained control over
exactly which attributes are overridden within an annotation hierarchy.
In fact, it is now possible to declare an alias for the 'value'
attribute of a meta-annotation.

For example, given the revised declaration of @ContextConfiguration
above, one can now develop a composed annotation with a custom
attribute override as follows.

    @ContextConfiguration
    public @interface MyTestConfig {

        @AliasFor(
           annotation = ContextConfiguration.class,
           attribute = "locations"
        )
        String[] xmlFiles();

        // ...
    }

Consequently, the following are functionally equivalent.

- @MyTestConfig(xmlFiles = "test.xml")
- @ContextConfiguration("test.xml")
- @ContextConfiguration(locations = "test.xml").

Issue: SPR-11512, SPR-11513

spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/context/TestExecutionListenersTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2014 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2015 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
+import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationConfigurationException;
 import org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener;
 import org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestExecutionListener;
 import org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener;
@@ -185,7 +186,7 @@ public class TestExecutionListenersTests {
 			testContextManager.getTestExecutionListeners().size());
 	}
 
-	@Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
+	@Test(expected = AnnotationConfigurationException.class)
 	public void listenersAndValueAttributesDeclared() {
 		new TestContextManager(DuplicateListenersConfigTestCase.class);
 	}

spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/context/jdbc/SqlScriptsTestExecutionListenerTests.java

@@ -16,15 +16,20 @@
 
 package org.springframework.test.context.jdbc;
 
+import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;
+
 import org.mockito.BDDMockito;
 
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.AutowireCapableBeanFactory;
 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
+import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationConfigurationException;
 import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
 import org.springframework.test.context.TestContext;
 import org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlConfig.TransactionMode;
 
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;
 import static org.junit.Assert.*;
 import static org.mockito.BDDMockito.*;
 
@@ -40,6 +45,9 @@ public class SqlScriptsTestExecutionListenerTests {
 
 	private final TestContext testContext = mock(TestContext.class);
 
+	@Rule
+	public final ExpectedException exception = ExpectedException.none();
+
 
 	@Test
 	public void missingValueAndScriptsAtClassLevel() throws Exception {
@@ -65,7 +73,14 @@ public class SqlScriptsTestExecutionListenerTests {
 		BDDMockito.<Class<?>> given(testContext.getTestClass()).willReturn(clazz);
 		given(testContext.getTestMethod()).willReturn(clazz.getDeclaredMethod("foo"));
 
-		assertExceptionContains("Only one declaration of SQL script paths is permitted");
+		exception.expect(AnnotationConfigurationException.class);
+		exception.expectMessage(either(
+				containsString("attribute [value] and its alias [scripts]")).or(
+				containsString("attribute [scripts] and its alias [value]")));
+		exception.expectMessage(either(containsString("values of [{foo}] and [{bar}]")).or(
+				containsString("values of [{bar}] and [{foo}]")));
+		exception.expectMessage(containsString("but only one declaration is permitted"));
+		listener.beforeTestMethod(testContext);
 	}
 
 	@Test

spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/context/support/ActiveProfilesUtilsTests.java

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import java.util.Set;
 
 import org.junit.Test;
 
+import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationConfigurationException;
 import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
 import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfilesResolver;
 import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ public class ActiveProfilesUtilsTests extends AbstractContextConfigurationUtilsT
 	/**
 	 * @since 4.0
 	 */
-	@Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
+	@Test(expected = AnnotationConfigurationException.class)
 	public void resolveActiveProfilesWithConflictingProfilesAndValue() {
 		resolveActiveProfiles(ConflictingProfilesAndValueTestCase.class);
 	}

spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/context/support/ContextLoaderUtilsConfigurationAttributesTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2014 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2015 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,12 +18,16 @@ package org.springframework.test.context.support;
 
 import java.util.List;
 
+import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;
 
+import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationConfigurationException;
 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfigurationAttributes;
 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextLoader;
 
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;
 import static org.junit.Assert.*;
 import static org.springframework.test.context.support.ContextLoaderUtils.*;
 
@@ -35,6 +39,10 @@ import static org.springframework.test.context.support.ContextLoaderUtils.*;
  */
 public class ContextLoaderUtilsConfigurationAttributesTests extends AbstractContextConfigurationUtilsTests {
 
+	@Rule
+	public final ExpectedException exception = ExpectedException.none();
+
+
 	private void assertLocationsFooAttributes(ContextConfigurationAttributes attributes) {
 		assertAttributes(attributes, LocationsFoo.class, new String[] { "/foo.xml" }, EMPTY_CLASS_ARRAY,
 			ContextLoader.class, false);
@@ -55,8 +63,17 @@ public class ContextLoaderUtilsConfigurationAttributesTests extends AbstractCont
 			AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class, true);
 	}
 
-	@Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
+	@Test
 	public void resolveConfigAttributesWithConflictingLocations() {
+		exception.expect(AnnotationConfigurationException.class);
+		exception.expectMessage(containsString(ConflictingLocations.class.getName()));
+		exception.expectMessage(either(
+				containsString("attribute [value] and its alias [locations]")).or(
+				containsString("attribute [locations] and its alias [value]")));
+		exception.expectMessage(either(
+				containsString("values of [{x}] and [{y}]")).or(
+				containsString("values of [{y}] and [{x}]")));
+		exception.expectMessage(containsString("but only one declaration is permitted"));
 		resolveContextConfigurationAttributes(ConflictingLocations.class);
 	}
 

spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/context/support/TestPropertySourceUtilsTests.java

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;
 
 import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
+import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationConfigurationException;
 import org.springframework.core.env.ConfigurableEnvironment;
 import org.springframework.core.env.MutablePropertySources;
 import org.springframework.mock.env.MockEnvironment;
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ public class TestPropertySourceUtilsTests {
 
 	@Test
 	public void locationsAndValueAttributes() {
-		expectedException.expect(IllegalStateException.class);
+		expectedException.expect(AnnotationConfigurationException.class);
 		buildMergedTestPropertySources(LocationsAndValuePropertySources.class);
 	}