This commit updates the CI workflow to build against Java 23-ea as
well, using the temurin distribution. For consistency, we're also
building against Java 22.
Closes gh-32090
This commit harmonizes our CI configuration with Spring Boot, in
particular the clever use of reusable custom actions that simplify
the workflow definition quite a bit.
One main difference compared to Spring Boot is that we can now
specify a different distribution for a Java version to test, in
preparation for the support of building against 23-ea
See gh-32090
