Although Java does not allow the definition of recursive annotations,
Kotlin does, and prior to this commit an attempt to synthesize a
merged annotation using the MergedAnnotation API resulted in a
StackOverflowError if there was a recursive cycle in the annotation
definitions.
This commit addresses this issue by tracking which annotations have
already been visited and short circuits the recursive algorithm if a
cycle is detected.
Closes gh-28012
3ec612aaf8