diff --git a/spring-graphql-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/observability.adoc b/spring-graphql-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/observability.adoc
index 793977ac..688dc011 100644
--- a/spring-graphql-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/observability.adoc
+++ b/spring-graphql-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/observability.adoc
@@ -32,7 +32,11 @@ By default, the following KeyValues are created:
 |===
 
 The `graphql.operation` KeyValue will use the custom name of the provided query, or http://spec.graphql.org/draft/#sec-Language.Operations[the standard name for the operation] if none (`"query"`, `"mutation"` or `"subscription"`).
-The `graphql.outcome` KeyValue will be `"SUCCESS"` if a valid GraphQL response has been sent, `"REQUEST_ERROR"` if the request could not be parsed, or `"INTERNAL_ERROR"` if no valid GraphQL response could be produced.
+The `graphql.outcome` KeyValue will be:
+
+* `"SUCCESS"` if a valid GraphQL response has been sent and it contains no errors
+* `"REQUEST_ERROR"` if the request could not be parsed, or if the response contains errors (none of them being of type `org.springframework.graphql.execution.ErrorType.INTERNAL_ERROR`)
+* `"INTERNAL_ERROR"` if no valid GraphQL response could be produced, or if the response contains at least one error of type `org.springframework.graphql.execution.ErrorType.INTERNAL_ERROR`
 
 .High cardinality Keys
 [cols="a,a"]
diff --git a/spring-graphql/src/main/java/org/springframework/graphql/observation/DefaultExecutionRequestObservationConvention.java b/spring-graphql/src/main/java/org/springframework/graphql/observation/DefaultExecutionRequestObservationConvention.java
index 9cd4e62d..4f94eb22 100644
--- a/spring-graphql/src/main/java/org/springframework/graphql/observation/DefaultExecutionRequestObservationConvention.java
+++ b/spring-graphql/src/main/java/org/springframework/graphql/observation/DefaultExecutionRequestObservationConvention.java
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ package org.springframework.graphql.observation;
 import io.micrometer.common.KeyValue;
 import io.micrometer.common.KeyValues;
 
+import org.springframework.graphql.execution.ErrorType;
 import org.springframework.graphql.observation.GraphQlObservationDocumentation.ExecutionRequestHighCardinalityKeyNames;
 import org.springframework.graphql.observation.GraphQlObservationDocumentation.ExecutionRequestLowCardinalityKeyNames;
 
@@ -73,7 +74,10 @@ public class DefaultExecutionRequestObservationConvention implements ExecutionRe
 		if (context.getError() != null || context.getExecutionResult() == null) {
 			return OUTCOME_INTERNAL_ERROR;
 		}
-		else if (context.getExecutionResult().getErrors().size() > 0) {
+		else if (!context.getExecutionResult().getErrors().isEmpty()) {
+			if (context.getExecutionResult().getErrors().stream().anyMatch((error) ->  ErrorType.INTERNAL_ERROR.equals(error.getErrorType()))) {
+				return OUTCOME_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+			}
 			return OUTCOME_REQUEST_ERROR;
 		}
 		return OUTCOME_SUCCESS;
diff --git a/spring-graphql/src/test/java/org/springframework/graphql/observation/DefaultExecutionRequestObservationConventionTests.java b/spring-graphql/src/test/java/org/springframework/graphql/observation/DefaultExecutionRequestObservationConventionTests.java
index e31d8e99..deee966b 100644
--- a/spring-graphql/src/test/java/org/springframework/graphql/observation/DefaultExecutionRequestObservationConventionTests.java
+++ b/spring-graphql/src/test/java/org/springframework/graphql/observation/DefaultExecutionRequestObservationConventionTests.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2020-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2020-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -19,12 +19,16 @@ package org.springframework.graphql.observation;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
 import graphql.ExecutionInput;
+import graphql.ExecutionResult;
 import graphql.ExecutionResultImpl;
+import graphql.GraphQLError;
 import graphql.execution.ExecutionId;
 import graphql.schema.idl.errors.QueryOperationMissingError;
 import io.micrometer.common.KeyValue;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
+import org.springframework.graphql.execution.ErrorType;
+
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 
 /**
@@ -86,7 +90,8 @@ class DefaultExecutionRequestObservationConventionTests {
 	void hasOutcomeKeyValueWhenInternalError() {
 		ExecutionRequestObservationContext context = createObservationContext(this.input, builder -> {
 		});
-		context.setError(new IllegalStateException("custom internal error"));
+		GraphQLError graphQLError = GraphQLError.newError().errorType(ErrorType.INTERNAL_ERROR).message(ErrorType.INTERNAL_ERROR + " for [executionId]").build();
+		context.setExecutionResult(ExecutionResult.newExecutionResult().addError(graphQLError).build());
 		assertThat(this.convention.getLowCardinalityKeyValues(context)).contains(KeyValue.of("graphql.outcome", "INTERNAL_ERROR"));
 	}