diff --git a/spring-integration-kafka/src/main/java/org/springframework/integration/kafka/inbound/KafkaMessageSource.java b/spring-integration-kafka/src/main/java/org/springframework/integration/kafka/inbound/KafkaMessageSource.java
index 6e2510a417..d238582c85 100644
--- a/spring-integration-kafka/src/main/java/org/springframework/integration/kafka/inbound/KafkaMessageSource.java
+++ b/spring-integration-kafka/src/main/java/org/springframework/integration/kafka/inbound/KafkaMessageSource.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
@@ -120,6 +121,8 @@ public class KafkaMessageSource<K, V> extends AbstractMessageSource<Object> impl
 
 	private final ConsumerProperties consumerProperties;
 
+	private final Collection<TopicPartition> assignedPartitions = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+
 	private Duration pollTimeout;
 
 	private RecordMessageConverter messageConverter = new MessagingMessageConverter();
@@ -136,8 +139,6 @@ public class KafkaMessageSource<K, V> extends AbstractMessageSource<Object> impl
 
 	private volatile Consumer<K, V> consumer;
 
-	private volatile Collection<TopicPartition> assignedPartitions = new ArrayList<>();
-
 	private volatile boolean pausing;
 
 	private volatile boolean paused;
@@ -233,6 +234,24 @@ public class KafkaMessageSource<K, V> extends AbstractMessageSource<Object> impl
 		this.commitTimeout = consumerProperties.getSyncCommitTimeout();
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Return the currently assigned partitions.
+	 * @return the partitions.
+	 * @since 3.2.2
+	 */
+	public Collection<TopicPartition> getAssignedPartitions() {
+		return Collections.unmodifiableCollection(this.assignedPartitions);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Return true if the source is currently paused.
+	 * @return true if paused.
+	 * @since 3.2.2
+	 */
+	public boolean isPaused() {
+		return this.paused;
+	}
+
 	@Override
 	protected void onInit() {
 		if (!StringUtils.hasText(this.consumerProperties.getClientId())) {
@@ -478,7 +497,7 @@ public class KafkaMessageSource<K, V> extends AbstractMessageSource<Object> impl
 
 				@Override
 				public void onPartitionsRevoked(Collection<TopicPartition> partitions) {
-					KafkaMessageSource.this.assignedPartitions.clear();
+					KafkaMessageSource.this.assignedPartitions.removeAll(partitions);
 					if (KafkaMessageSource.this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
 						KafkaMessageSource.this.logger
 								.info("Partitions revoked: " + partitions);
@@ -495,9 +514,27 @@ public class KafkaMessageSource<K, V> extends AbstractMessageSource<Object> impl
 
 				}
 
+				@Override
+				public void onPartitionsLost(Collection<TopicPartition> partitions) {
+					if (providedRebalanceListener != null) {
+						if (isConsumerAware) {
+							((ConsumerAwareRebalanceListener) providedRebalanceListener).onPartitionsLost(partitions);
+						}
+						else {
+							providedRebalanceListener.onPartitionsLost(partitions);
+						}
+					}
+					onPartitionsRevoked(partitions);
+				}
+
 				@Override
 				public void onPartitionsAssigned(Collection<TopicPartition> partitions) {
-					KafkaMessageSource.this.assignedPartitions = new ArrayList<>(partitions);
+					KafkaMessageSource.this.assignedPartitions.addAll(partitions);
+					if (KafkaMessageSource.this.paused) {
+						KafkaMessageSource.this.consumer.pause(KafkaMessageSource.this.assignedPartitions);
+						KafkaMessageSource.this.logger.warn("Paused consumer resumed by Kafka due to rebalance; "
+								+ "consumer paused again, so the initial poll() will never return any records");
+					}
 					if (KafkaMessageSource.this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
 						KafkaMessageSource.this.logger
 								.info("Partitions assigned: " + partitions);
@@ -524,7 +561,7 @@ public class KafkaMessageSource<K, V> extends AbstractMessageSource<Object> impl
 						.map(TopicPartitionOffset::getTopicPartition)
 						.collect(Collectors.toList());
 				this.consumer.assign(topicPartitionsToAssign);
-				this.assignedPartitions = new ArrayList<>(topicPartitionsToAssign);
+				this.assignedPartitions.addAll(topicPartitionsToAssign);
 
 				TopicPartitionOffset[] partitions = this.consumerProperties.getTopicPartitions();
 
diff --git a/spring-integration-kafka/src/test/java/org/springframework/integration/kafka/inbound/MessageSourceTests.java b/spring-integration-kafka/src/test/java/org/springframework/integration/kafka/inbound/MessageSourceTests.java
index 2f90beb287..764d487265 100644
--- a/spring-integration-kafka/src/test/java/org/springframework/integration/kafka/inbound/MessageSourceTests.java
+++ b/spring-integration-kafka/src/test/java/org/springframework/integration/kafka/inbound/MessageSourceTests.java
@@ -35,11 +35,13 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
 
 import java.time.Duration;
 import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
@@ -157,8 +159,10 @@ class MessageSourceTests {
 	@Test
 	void testRebalanceListener() {
 		Consumer consumer = mock(Consumer.class);
-		TopicPartition topicPartition = new TopicPartition("foo", 0);
-		List<TopicPartition> assigned = Collections.singletonList(topicPartition);
+		TopicPartition topicPartition1 = new TopicPartition("foo", 0);
+		List<TopicPartition> assigned1 = new ArrayList<>(Collections.singletonList(topicPartition1));
+		TopicPartition topicPartition2 = new TopicPartition("foo", 1);
+		List<TopicPartition> assigned2 = new ArrayList<>(Collections.singletonList(topicPartition2));
 		AtomicReference<ConsumerRebalanceListener> listener = new AtomicReference<>();
 		willAnswer(i -> {
 			listener.set(i.getArgument(1));
@@ -190,11 +194,27 @@ class MessageSourceTests {
 
 		source.receive();
 
-		listener.get().onPartitionsAssigned(assigned);
+		listener.get().onPartitionsAssigned(assigned1);
 		assertThat(partitionsAssignedCalled.get()).isTrue();
+		assertThat(new ArrayList<>(source.getAssignedPartitions())).isEqualTo(assigned1);
+		listener.get().onPartitionsAssigned(assigned2);
+		List<TopicPartition> temp = new ArrayList<>(assigned1);
+		temp.addAll(assigned2);
+		assertThat(new ArrayList<>(source.getAssignedPartitions())).isEqualTo(temp);
 
-		listener.get().onPartitionsRevoked(assigned);
+		listener.get().onPartitionsRevoked(assigned1);
 		assertThat(partitionsRevokedCalled.get()).isTrue();
+		assertThat(new ArrayList<>(source.getAssignedPartitions())).isEqualTo(assigned2);
+
+		source.pause();
+		assertThat(source.isPaused()).isFalse();
+		InOrder inOrder = inOrder(consumer);
+		source.receive();
+		assertThat(source.isPaused()).isTrue();
+		inOrder.verify(consumer).pause(new LinkedHashSet<>(assigned2));
+		inOrder.verify(consumer).poll(any());
+		listener.get().onPartitionsAssigned(assigned1);
+		inOrder.verify(consumer).pause(new LinkedHashSet<>(temp));
 	}
 
 	@Test