diff --git a/spring-kafka/src/main/java/org/springframework/kafka/core/ProducerFactoryUtils.java b/spring-kafka/src/main/java/org/springframework/kafka/core/ProducerFactoryUtils.java
index da02f657..7a5b2c19 100644
--- a/spring-kafka/src/main/java/org/springframework/kafka/core/ProducerFactoryUtils.java
+++ b/spring-kafka/src/main/java/org/springframework/kafka/core/ProducerFactoryUtils.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2020 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2021 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -145,13 +145,15 @@ public final class ProducerFactoryUtils {
 			return false;
 		}
 
+		@Override
+		protected void processResourceAfterCommit(KafkaResourceHolder<K, V> resourceHolder) {
+			resourceHolder.commit();
+		}
+
 		@Override
 		public void afterCompletion(int status) {
 			try {
-				if (status == TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_COMMITTED) {
-					this.resourceHolder.commit();
-				}
-				else {
+				if (status != TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_COMMITTED) {
 					this.resourceHolder.rollback();
 				}
 			}
diff --git a/spring-kafka/src/test/java/org/springframework/kafka/core/KafkaTemplateTransactionTests.java b/spring-kafka/src/test/java/org/springframework/kafka/core/KafkaTemplateTransactionTests.java
index 6116521e..49b56a6e 100644
--- a/spring-kafka/src/test/java/org/springframework/kafka/core/KafkaTemplateTransactionTests.java
+++ b/spring-kafka/src/test/java/org/springframework/kafka/core/KafkaTemplateTransactionTests.java
@@ -72,10 +72,13 @@ import org.springframework.kafka.test.condition.EmbeddedKafkaCondition;
 import org.springframework.kafka.test.context.EmbeddedKafka;
 import org.springframework.kafka.test.utils.KafkaTestUtils;
 import org.springframework.kafka.transaction.KafkaTransactionManager;
+import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;
+import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionException;
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
 import org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager;
+import org.springframework.transaction.support.DefaultTransactionStatus;
 import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate;
 import org.springframework.util.concurrent.SettableListenableFuture;
 
@@ -296,14 +299,15 @@ public class KafkaTemplateTransactionTests {
 
 		ResourcelessTransactionManager tm = new ResourcelessTransactionManager();
 
-		new TransactionTemplate(tm)
-				.execute(s -> {
-					template.sendDefault("foo", "bar");
+		assertThatExceptionOfType(ProducerFencedException.class).isThrownBy(() ->
+			new TransactionTemplate(tm)
+					.execute(s -> {
+						template.sendDefault("foo", "bar");
 
-					// Mark the mock producer as fenced so it throws when committing the transaction
-					producer.fenceProducer();
-					return null;
-				});
+						// Mark the mock producer as fenced so it throws when committing the transaction
+						producer.fenceProducer();
+						return null;
+					}));
 
 		assertThat(producer.transactionCommitted()).isFalse();
 		assertThat(producer.closed()).isTrue();
@@ -573,6 +577,28 @@ public class KafkaTemplateTransactionTests {
 		pf.destroy();
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void syncCommitFails() {
+		DummyTM tm = new DummyTM();
+		MockProducer<String, String> producer =
+				new MockProducer<>(true, new StringSerializer(), new StringSerializer());
+		producer.initTransactions();
+		producer.commitTransactionException = new IllegalStateException();
+
+		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+		ProducerFactory<String, String> pf = mock(ProducerFactory.class);
+		given(pf.transactionCapable()).willReturn(true);
+		given(pf.createProducer(isNull())).willReturn(producer);
+
+		KafkaTemplate<String, String> template = new KafkaTemplate<>(pf);
+		template.setDefaultTopic(STRING_KEY_TOPIC);
+
+		assertThatExceptionOfType(IllegalStateException.class).isThrownBy(() ->
+				new TransactionTemplate(tm).execute(status -> template.sendDefault("foo")));
+
+		assertThat(tm.committed).isTrue();
+	}
+
 	@Configuration
 	@EnableTransactionManagement
 	public static class DeclarativeConfig {
@@ -680,4 +706,29 @@ public class KafkaTemplateTransactionTests {
 
 	}
 
+	@SuppressWarnings("serial")
+	private static final class DummyTM extends AbstractPlatformTransactionManager {
+
+		boolean committed;
+
+		@Override
+		protected Object doGetTransaction() throws TransactionException {
+			return new Object();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected void doBegin(Object transaction, TransactionDefinition definition) throws TransactionException {
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected void doCommit(DefaultTransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException {
+			this.committed = true;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected void doRollback(DefaultTransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException {
+		}
+
+	}
+
 }
diff --git a/src/reference/asciidoc/kafka.adoc b/src/reference/asciidoc/kafka.adoc
index 75482a4e..4c873af5 100644
--- a/src/reference/asciidoc/kafka.adoc
+++ b/src/reference/asciidoc/kafka.adoc
@@ -3156,6 +3156,10 @@ When a listener container is configured to use a `KafkaTransactionManager` or `C
 
 See <<ex-jdbc-sync>> for an example application that synchronizes JDBC and Kafka transactions.
 
+NOTE: Starting with versions 2.5.17, 2.6.12, 2.7.9 and 2.8.0, if the commit fails on the synchronized transaction (after the primary transaction has committed), the exception will be thrown to the caller.
+Previously, this was silently ignored (logged at debug).
+Applications should take remedial action, if necessary, to compensate for the committed primary transaction.
+
 [[chained-transaction-manager]]
 ===== Using `ChainedKafkaTransactionManager`