diff --git a/spring-modulith-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/modulith/core/ApplicationModule.java b/spring-modulith-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/modulith/core/ApplicationModule.java
index 1e72fa4b..74ec2fd0 100644
--- a/spring-modulith-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/modulith/core/ApplicationModule.java
+++ b/spring-modulith-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/modulith/core/ApplicationModule.java
@@ -1201,18 +1201,17 @@ public class ApplicationModule implements Comparable<ApplicationModule> {
 
 			// Parent child relationships
 
-			return targetModule.getParentModule(modules)
-					.filter(it -> !it.equals(originModule))
-					.map(__ -> {
+			if (!haveSameParentOrDirectParentRelationship(originModule, targetModule, modules)) {
 
-						var violationText = INVALID_SUB_MODULE_REFERENCE
-								.formatted(originModule.getName(), targetModule.getName(),
-										FormatableType.of(source).getAbbreviatedFullName(originModule),
-										FormatableType.of(target).getAbbreviatedFullName(targetModule));
+				var violationText = INVALID_SUB_MODULE_REFERENCE
+						.formatted(originModule.getName(), targetModule.getName(),
+								FormatableType.of(source).getAbbreviatedFullName(originModule),
+								FormatableType.of(target).getAbbreviatedFullName(targetModule));
 
-						return violations.and(new Violation(violationText));
-					})
-					.orElse(violations);
+				return violations.and(new Violation(violationText));
+			}
+
+			return violations;
 		}
 
 		ApplicationModule getExistingModuleOf(JavaClass javaClass, ApplicationModules modules) {
@@ -1347,6 +1346,27 @@ public class ApplicationModule implements Comparable<ApplicationModule> {
 		private static boolean isInjectionPoint(JavaMember unit) {
 			return INJECTION_TYPES.stream().anyMatch(type -> unit.isAnnotatedWith(type));
 		}
+
+		private static boolean haveSameParentOrDirectParentRelationship(ApplicationModule source, ApplicationModule target,
+				ApplicationModules modules) {
+
+			var sourceParent = modules.getParentOf(source);
+			var targetParent = modules.getParentOf(target);
+
+			// Top-level modules
+			return targetParent.isEmpty()
+
+					// One is parent of the other
+					|| hasValue(sourceParent, target)
+					|| hasValue(targetParent, source)
+
+					// Same immediate parent
+					|| sourceParent.flatMap(it -> targetParent.filter(it::equals)).isPresent();
+		}
+
+		private static <T> boolean hasValue(Optional<T> optional, T expected) {
+			return optional.filter(expected::equals).isPresent();
+		}
 	}
 
 	private static class InjectionDependency extends QualifiedDependency {
diff --git a/spring-modulith-core/src/test/java/example/ni/nested/b/second/InNestedBSecond.java b/spring-modulith-core/src/test/java/example/ni/nested/b/second/InNestedBSecond.java
index 16746458..d53489ea 100644
--- a/spring-modulith-core/src/test/java/example/ni/nested/b/second/InNestedBSecond.java
+++ b/spring-modulith-core/src/test/java/example/ni/nested/b/second/InNestedBSecond.java
@@ -16,10 +16,12 @@
 package example.ni.nested.b.second;
 
 import example.ni.nested.InNested;
+import example.ni.nested.b.first.InNestedBFirst;
 
 /**
  * @author Oliver Drotbohm
  */
 public class InNestedBSecond {
 	InNested inNested;
+	InNestedBFirst siblingReference;
 }
diff --git a/src/docs/antora/modules/ROOT/pages/fundamentals.adoc b/src/docs/antora/modules/ROOT/pages/fundamentals.adoc
index e9d10ce2..34aab768 100644
--- a/src/docs/antora/modules/ROOT/pages/fundamentals.adoc
+++ b/src/docs/antora/modules/ROOT/pages/fundamentals.adoc
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ In this example `inventory` is an application module as described xref:fundament
 The `@ApplicationModule` annotation on the `nested` package caused that to become a nested application module in turn.
 In that arrangement, the following access rules apply:
 
-* The code in _Nested_ is only available from _Inventory_, i.e. only any of the `SomethingInventoryInternal` types can access `NestedApi`. `NestedInternal` is only accessible from `NestedApi`.
+* The code in _Nested_ is only available from _Inventory_ or any types exposed by sibling application modules nested inside _Inventory_.
 * Any code in the _Nested_ module can access code in parent modules, even internal.
 I.e., both `NestedApi` and `NestedInternal` can access `inventory.internal.SomethingInventoryInternal`.
 * Code from nested modules can also access exposed types by top-level application modules.