diff --git a/core/src/test/java/org/acegisecurity/vote/DenyVoter.java b/core/src/test/java/org/acegisecurity/vote/DenyVoter.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bc79d41d92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/test/java/org/acegisecurity/vote/DenyVoter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/* Copyright 2004 Acegi Technology Pty Limited
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package net.sf.acegisecurity.vote;
+
+import net.sf.acegisecurity.Authentication;
+import net.sf.acegisecurity.ConfigAttribute;
+import net.sf.acegisecurity.ConfigAttributeDefinition;
+
+import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;
+
+import java.util.Iterator;
+
+
+/**
+ * Implementation of an {@link AccessDecisionVoter} for unit testing.
+ * 
+ * <p>
+ * If the {@link ConfigAttribute#getAttribute()} has a value of
+ * <code>DENY_FOR_SURE</code>, the voter will vote to deny access.
+ * </p>
+ * 
+ * <p>
+ * All comparisons are case sensitive.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author Ben Alex
+ * @version $Id$
+ */
+public class DenyVoter implements AccessDecisionVoter {
+    //~ Methods ================================================================
+
+    public boolean supports(ConfigAttribute attribute) {
+        if ("DENY_FOR_SURE".equals(attribute.getAttribute())) {
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public int vote(Authentication authentication, MethodInvocation invocation,
+        ConfigAttributeDefinition config) {
+        Iterator iter = config.getConfigAttributes();
+
+        while (iter.hasNext()) {
+            ConfigAttribute attribute = (ConfigAttribute) iter.next();
+
+            if (this.supports(attribute)) {
+                return ACCESS_DENIED;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return ACCESS_ABSTAIN;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/test/java/org/acegisecurity/vote/VoterManagerTests.java b/core/src/test/java/org/acegisecurity/vote/VoterManagerTests.java
index a79f6585f2..e1206cb946 100644
--- a/core/src/test/java/org/acegisecurity/vote/VoterManagerTests.java
+++ b/core/src/test/java/org/acegisecurity/vote/VoterManagerTests.java
@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ import net.sf.acegisecurity.providers.TestingAuthenticationToken;
 
 import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Vector;
+
 
 /**
  * Tests voter decision managers.
@@ -61,8 +64,54 @@ public class VoterManagerTests extends TestCase {
         junit.textui.TestRunner.run(VoterManagerTests.class);
     }
 
+    public void testAbstractAccessDecisionManagerSetter()
+        throws Exception {
+        AffirmativeBased affirmative = new AffirmativeBased();
+        affirmative.setAllowIfAllAbstainDecisions(false);
+        assertTrue(!affirmative.isAllowIfAllAbstainDecisions());
+        affirmative.setAllowIfAllAbstainDecisions(true);
+        assertTrue(affirmative.isAllowIfAllAbstainDecisions());
+    }
+
+    public void testAbstractAccessDecisionManagerVoterListHandling()
+        throws Exception {
+        XVoter x = new XVoter();
+        List xVoterList = new Vector();
+        xVoterList.add(x);
+
+        AffirmativeBased affirmative = new AffirmativeBased();
+        affirmative.setDecisionVoters(xVoterList);
+
+        try {
+            affirmative.setDecisionVoters(null);
+            fail("Should have thrown IllegalArgumentException as list null");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+            assertTrue(true);
+        }
+
+        List sampleList = new Vector();
+
+        try {
+            affirmative.setDecisionVoters(sampleList);
+            fail("Should have thrown IllegalArgumentException as list empty");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+            assertTrue(true);
+        }
+
+        sampleList.add(x); // valid (is AccessDecisionVoter)
+        sampleList.add("Hello world"); // invalid (not AccessDecisionVoter)
+
+        try {
+            affirmative.setDecisionVoters(sampleList);
+            fail(
+                "Should have thrown IllegalArgumentException as list has invalid entries");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+            assertTrue(true);
+        }
+    }
+
     public void testAffirmative() throws Exception {
-        AccessDecisionManager mgr = (AccessDecisionManager) ctx.getBean(
+        AffirmativeBased mgr = (AffirmativeBased) ctx.getBean(
                 "affirmativeBased");
         ConfigAttributeDefinition config;
         TestingAuthenticationToken auth;
@@ -71,6 +120,24 @@ public class VoterManagerTests extends TestCase {
                 new GrantedAuthority[] {new GrantedAuthorityImpl("ROLE_1"), new GrantedAuthorityImpl(
                         "ROLE_2"), new GrantedAuthorityImpl("ROLE_MAGIC")});
 
+        // Check if we'd be given access, even with a definite deny vote
+        config = new ConfigAttributeDefinition();
+        config.addConfigAttribute(new SecurityConfig("ROLE_2")); // grant
+        config.addConfigAttribute(new SecurityConfig("DENY_FOR_SURE")); // deny
+        mgr.decide(auth, null, config);
+        assertTrue(true);
+
+        // Check if we'd be denied access, with only one definite deny vote
+        config = new ConfigAttributeDefinition();
+        config.addConfigAttribute(new SecurityConfig("DENY_FOR_SURE")); // deny
+
+        try {
+            mgr.decide(auth, null, config);
+            fail("Should have thrown AccessDeniedException");
+        } catch (AccessDeniedException expected) {
+            assertTrue(true);
+        }
+
         // Check if we'd get access if ROLE_2 was all that is acceptable
         config = new ConfigAttributeDefinition();
         config.addConfigAttribute(new SecurityConfig("ROLE_2")); // grant
@@ -132,11 +199,26 @@ public class VoterManagerTests extends TestCase {
         } catch (AccessDeniedException expected) {
             assertTrue(true);
         }
+
+        // Check if we'd be denied access if all abstained
+        config = new ConfigAttributeDefinition();
+        config.addConfigAttribute(new SecurityConfig("NONE_WILL_VOTE")); // abstain
+
+        try {
+            mgr.decide(auth, null, config);
+            fail("Should have thrown AccessDeniedException");
+        } catch (AccessDeniedException expected) {
+            assertTrue(true);
+        }
+
+        // Now check it works given we approve access if all abstain
+        mgr.setAllowIfAllAbstainDecisions(true);
+        mgr.decide(auth, null, config);
+        assertTrue(true);
     }
 
     public void testConsensus() throws Exception {
-        AccessDecisionManager mgr = (AccessDecisionManager) ctx.getBean(
-                "consensusBased");
+        ConsensusBased mgr = (ConsensusBased) ctx.getBean("consensusBased");
         ConfigAttributeDefinition config;
         TestingAuthenticationToken auth;
 
@@ -144,6 +226,24 @@ public class VoterManagerTests extends TestCase {
                 new GrantedAuthority[] {new GrantedAuthorityImpl("ROLE_1"), new GrantedAuthorityImpl(
                         "ROLE_2"), new GrantedAuthorityImpl("ROLE_MAGIC")});
 
+        // Check if we'd be given access, even with a definite deny vote
+        config = new ConfigAttributeDefinition();
+        config.addConfigAttribute(new SecurityConfig("ROLE_2")); // grant
+        config.addConfigAttribute(new SecurityConfig("DENY_FOR_SURE")); // deny
+        mgr.decide(auth, null, config);
+        assertTrue(true);
+
+        // Check if we'd be denied access, with only one definite deny vote
+        config = new ConfigAttributeDefinition();
+        config.addConfigAttribute(new SecurityConfig("DENY_FOR_SURE")); // deny
+
+        try {
+            mgr.decide(auth, null, config);
+            fail("Should have thrown AccessDeniedException");
+        } catch (AccessDeniedException expected) {
+            assertTrue(true);
+        }
+
         // Check if we'd get access if ROLE_2 was all that is acceptable
         config = new ConfigAttributeDefinition();
         config.addConfigAttribute(new SecurityConfig("ROLE_2")); // grant
@@ -205,11 +305,40 @@ public class VoterManagerTests extends TestCase {
         } catch (AccessDeniedException expected) {
             assertTrue(true);
         }
+
+        // Check if we'd get denied access if equal votes, after changing setting
+        assertTrue(mgr.isAllowIfEqualGrantedDeniedDecisions()); // check default
+        mgr.setAllowIfEqualGrantedDeniedDecisions(false);
+        config = new ConfigAttributeDefinition();
+        config.addConfigAttribute(new SecurityConfig("ROLE_1")); // grant
+        config.addConfigAttribute(new SecurityConfig("DENY_FOR_SURE")); // deny
+
+        try {
+            mgr.decide(auth, null, config);
+            fail("Should have thrown AccessDeniedException");
+        } catch (AccessDeniedException expected) {
+            assertTrue(true);
+        }
+
+        // Check if we'd be denied access if all abstained
+        config = new ConfigAttributeDefinition();
+        config.addConfigAttribute(new SecurityConfig("NONE_WILL_VOTE")); // abstain
+
+        try {
+            mgr.decide(auth, null, config);
+            fail("Should have thrown AccessDeniedException");
+        } catch (AccessDeniedException expected) {
+            assertTrue(true);
+        }
+
+        // Now check it works given we approve access if all abstain
+        mgr.setAllowIfAllAbstainDecisions(true);
+        mgr.decide(auth, null, config);
+        assertTrue(true);
     }
 
     public void testUnanimous() throws Exception {
-        AccessDecisionManager mgr = (AccessDecisionManager) ctx.getBean(
-                "unanimousBased");
+        UnanimousBased mgr = (UnanimousBased) ctx.getBean("unanimousBased");
         ConfigAttributeDefinition config;
         TestingAuthenticationToken auth;
 
@@ -217,6 +346,19 @@ public class VoterManagerTests extends TestCase {
                 new GrantedAuthority[] {new GrantedAuthorityImpl("ROLE_1"), new GrantedAuthorityImpl(
                         "ROLE_2"), new GrantedAuthorityImpl("ROLE_MAGIC")});
 
+        // Check if we'd be denied access, with only one definite deny vote and many affirmative
+        config = new ConfigAttributeDefinition();
+        config.addConfigAttribute(new SecurityConfig("DENY_FOR_SURE")); // deny
+        config.addConfigAttribute(new SecurityConfig("ROLE_2")); // grant
+        config.addConfigAttribute(new SecurityConfig("ROLE_1")); // grant
+
+        try {
+            mgr.decide(auth, null, config);
+            fail("Should have thrown AccessDeniedException");
+        } catch (AccessDeniedException expected) {
+            assertTrue(true);
+        }
+
         // Check if we'd get access if ROLE_2 was all that is required
         config = new ConfigAttributeDefinition();
         config.addConfigAttribute(new SecurityConfig("ROLE_2")); // grant
@@ -272,5 +414,21 @@ public class VoterManagerTests extends TestCase {
         } catch (AccessDeniedException expected) {
             assertTrue(true);
         }
+
+        // Check if we'd be denied access if all abstained
+        config = new ConfigAttributeDefinition();
+        config.addConfigAttribute(new SecurityConfig("NONE_WILL_VOTE")); // abstain
+
+        try {
+            mgr.decide(auth, null, config);
+            fail("Should have thrown AccessDeniedException");
+        } catch (AccessDeniedException expected) {
+            assertTrue(true);
+        }
+
+        // Now check it works given we approve access if all abstain
+        mgr.setAllowIfAllAbstainDecisions(true);
+        mgr.decide(auth, null, config);
+        assertTrue(true);
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/test/java/org/acegisecurity/vote/applicationContext.xml b/core/src/test/java/org/acegisecurity/vote/applicationContext.xml
index fb1fd5a121..f0e7324a32 100644
--- a/core/src/test/java/org/acegisecurity/vote/applicationContext.xml
+++ b/core/src/test/java/org/acegisecurity/vote/applicationContext.xml
@@ -19,11 +19,15 @@
 	<!-- An access decision voter that reads YYYY configuaration settings -->
 	<bean id="yVoter" class="net.sf.acegisecurity.vote.YVoter"/>
 
+	<!-- An access decision voter that reads DENY_FOR_SURE configuaration settings -->
+	<bean id="denyVoter" class="net.sf.acegisecurity.vote.DenyVoter"/>
+
 	<bean id="unanimousBased" class="net.sf.acegisecurity.vote.UnanimousBased">
    		<property name="allowIfAllAbstainDecisions"><value>false</value></property>
 		<property name="decisionVoters">
 		  <list>
 		    <ref bean="roleVoter"/>
+		    <ref bean="denyVoter"/>
 		    <ref bean="xVoter"/>
 		    <ref bean="yVoter"/>
 		  </list>
@@ -35,6 +39,7 @@
 		<property name="decisionVoters">
 		  <list>
 		    <ref bean="roleVoter"/>
+		    <ref bean="denyVoter"/>
 		    <ref bean="xVoter"/>
 		    <ref bean="yVoter"/>
 		  </list>
@@ -47,6 +52,7 @@
 		<property name="decisionVoters">
 		  <list>
 		    <ref bean="roleVoter"/>
+		    <ref bean="denyVoter"/>
 		    <ref bean="xVoter"/>
 		    <ref bean="yVoter"/>
 		  </list>