diff --git a/spring-ws-security/src/main/java/org/springframework/ws/soap/security/wss4j2/Wss4jSecurityInterceptor.java b/spring-ws-security/src/main/java/org/springframework/ws/soap/security/wss4j2/Wss4jSecurityInterceptor.java
index bee51ba8..83f5fc5a 100644
--- a/spring-ws-security/src/main/java/org/springframework/ws/soap/security/wss4j2/Wss4jSecurityInterceptor.java
+++ b/spring-ws-security/src/main/java/org/springframework/ws/soap/security/wss4j2/Wss4jSecurityInterceptor.java
@@ -61,8 +61,6 @@ import org.springframework.ws.soap.security.callback.CallbackHandlerChain;
 import org.springframework.ws.soap.security.callback.CleanupCallback;
 import org.springframework.ws.soap.security.wss4j2.callback.UsernameTokenPrincipalCallback;
 
-import static java.util.Collections.emptyList;
-
 /**
  * A WS-Security endpoint interceptor based on Apache's WSS4J. This interceptor supports
  * messages created by the
@@ -211,7 +209,7 @@ public class Wss4jSecurityInterceptor extends AbstractWsSecurityInterceptor impl
 	// To maintain same behavior as default, this flag is set to true
 	private boolean removeSecurityHeader = true;
 
-	private List<Pattern> signatureSubjectDnPatterns = emptyList();
+	private List<Pattern> signatureSubjectDnPatterns = Collections.emptyList();
 
 	/**
 	 * Create a {@link WSSecurityEngine} by default.
@@ -244,15 +242,6 @@ public class Wss4jSecurityInterceptor extends AbstractWsSecurityInterceptor impl
 		this.handler.setOption(WSHandlerConstants.ACTOR, securementActor);
 	}
 
-	/**
-	 * Defines whether to use a single certificate or a whole certificate chain when
-	 * constructing a BinarySecurityToken used for direct reference in signature. The
-	 * default is "true", meaning that only a single certificate is used.
-	 */
-	public void setSecurementSignatureSingleCertificate(boolean useSingleCertificate) {
-		handler.setOption(WSHandlerConstants.USE_SINGLE_CERTIFICATE, useSingleCertificate);
-	}
-
 	public void setSecurementEncryptionCrypto(Crypto securementEncryptionCrypto) {
 		this.handler.setSecurementEncryptionCrypto(securementEncryptionCrypto);
 	}
@@ -545,13 +534,11 @@ public class Wss4jSecurityInterceptor extends AbstractWsSecurityInterceptor impl
 	 * Certificate constraints which will be applied to the subject DN of the certificate
 	 * used for signature validation, after trust verification of the certificate chain
 	 * associated with the certificate.
-	 * @param patterns A list of regex patterns which will be applied to the subject DN.
-	 *
-	 * @see <a href="https://ws.apache.org/wss4j/config.html">WSS4J configuration:
-	 * SIG_SUBJECT_CERT_CONSTRAINTS</a>
+	 * @param patterns a list of regex patterns which will be applied to the subject DN.
+	 * @see ConfigurationConstants#SIG_SUBJECT_CERT_CONSTRAINTS
 	 */
 	public void setValidationSubjectDnConstraints(List<Pattern> patterns) {
-		signatureSubjectDnPatterns = patterns;
+		this.signatureSubjectDnPatterns = patterns;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -768,7 +755,7 @@ public class Wss4jSecurityInterceptor extends AbstractWsSecurityInterceptor impl
 		// allow for qualified password types for .Net interoperability
 		requestData.setAllowNamespaceQualifiedPasswordTypes(true);
 
-		requestData.setSubjectCertConstraints(signatureSubjectDnPatterns);
+		requestData.setSubjectCertConstraints(this.signatureSubjectDnPatterns);
 		return requestData;
 	}
 
@@ -808,8 +795,7 @@ public class Wss4jSecurityInterceptor extends AbstractWsSecurityInterceptor impl
 		// allow for qualified password types for .Net interoperability
 		requestData.setAllowNamespaceQualifiedPasswordTypes(true);
 
-		requestData.setSubjectCertConstraints(signatureSubjectDnPatterns);
-
+		requestData.setSubjectCertConstraints(this.signatureSubjectDnPatterns);
 		return requestData;
 	}
 
diff --git a/spring-ws-security/src/test/java/org/springframework/ws/soap/security/wss4j2/Wss4jMessageInterceptorSignTest.java b/spring-ws-security/src/test/java/org/springframework/ws/soap/security/wss4j2/Wss4jMessageInterceptorSignTest.java
index a3387723..f4c93506 100644
--- a/spring-ws-security/src/test/java/org/springframework/ws/soap/security/wss4j2/Wss4jMessageInterceptorSignTest.java
+++ b/spring-ws-security/src/test/java/org/springframework/ws/soap/security/wss4j2/Wss4jMessageInterceptorSignTest.java
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ import org.springframework.ws.soap.security.wss4j2.support.CryptoFactoryBean;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatCode;
-import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.catchThrowable;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatExceptionOfType;
 
 public abstract class Wss4jMessageInterceptorSignTest extends Wss4jTest {
 
@@ -131,31 +131,32 @@ public abstract class Wss4jMessageInterceptorSignTest extends Wss4jTest {
 	public void testValidateCertificateSubjectDnConstraintsShouldMatchSubject() throws Exception {
 		SoapMessage message = createSignedTestSoapMessage();
 		MessageContext messageContext = getSoap11MessageContext(createSignedTestSoapMessage());
-		interceptor.secureMessage(message, messageContext);
+		this.interceptor.secureMessage(message, messageContext);
 
-		interceptor.setValidationActions("Signature");
-		interceptor.setValidationSubjectDnConstraints(List.of(Pattern.compile(".*")));
-		assertThatCode(() -> interceptor.validateMessage(message, messageContext)).doesNotThrowAnyException();
+		this.interceptor.setValidationActions("Signature");
+		this.interceptor.setValidationSubjectDnConstraints(List.of(Pattern.compile(".*")));
+		assertThatCode(() -> this.interceptor.validateMessage(message, messageContext)).doesNotThrowAnyException();
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testValidateCertificateSubjectDnConstraintsShouldFailForNotMatchingSubject() throws Exception {
 		SoapMessage message = createSignedTestSoapMessage();
 		MessageContext messageContext = getSoap11MessageContext(createSignedTestSoapMessage());
-		interceptor.secureMessage(message, messageContext);
+		this.interceptor.secureMessage(message, messageContext);
 
-		interceptor.setValidationActions("Signature");
-		interceptor.setValidationSubjectDnConstraints(List.of(Pattern.compile("O=Some Other Company")));
-		Throwable catched = catchThrowable(() -> interceptor.validateMessage(message, messageContext));
-		assertThat(catched).isInstanceOf(Wss4jSecurityValidationException.class);
+		this.interceptor.setValidationActions("Signature");
+		this.interceptor.setValidationSubjectDnConstraints(List.of(Pattern.compile("O=Some Other Company")));
+		assertThatExceptionOfType(Wss4jSecurityValidationException.class)
+			.isThrownBy(() -> this.interceptor.validateMessage(message, messageContext))
+			.withMessage("The security token could not be authenticated or authorized");
 	}
 
 	private SoapMessage createSignedTestSoapMessage() throws Exception {
-		interceptor.setSecurementActions("Signature");
-		interceptor.setSecurementSignatureKeyIdentifier("DirectReference");
-		interceptor.setSecurementSignatureSingleCertificate(false);
-		interceptor.setSecurementPassword("123456");
-		interceptor.setSecurementUsername("testkey");
+		this.interceptor.setSecurementActions("Signature");
+		this.interceptor.setSecurementSignatureKeyIdentifier("DirectReference");
+		this.interceptor.setUseSingleCertificate(false);
+		this.interceptor.setSecurementPassword("123456");
+		this.interceptor.setSecurementUsername("testkey");
 		return loadSoap11Message("empty-soap.xml");
 	}