diff --git a/.github/dependabot.yml b/.github/dependabot.yml
index 8546d0b2..c2bc6b95 100644
--- a/.github/dependabot.yml
+++ b/.github/dependabot.yml
@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@ updates:
     target-branch: "4.0.x" # oldest OSS supported branch
     schedule:
       interval: "weekly"
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    target-branch: "4.1.x"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
   - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
     directory: "/"
     target-branch: "main"
@@ -37,6 +42,17 @@ updates:
         update-types:
           - version-update:semver-major
           - version-update:semver-minor
+  - package-ecosystem: maven
+    directory: /
+    schedule:
+      interval: daily
+    target-branch: 4.1.x
+    ignore:
+      # only upgrade patch versions for maintenance branch
+      - dependency-name: "*"
+        update-types:
+          - version-update:semver-major
+          - version-update:semver-minor
   - package-ecosystem: maven
     directory: /
     schedule:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/maven.yml b/.github/workflows/maven.yml
index 96e8b1d4..7979a5c5 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/maven.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/maven.yml
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ name: Build
 
 on:
   push:
-    branches: [ main, 4.1.x, 4.0.x, 3.1.x ]
+    branches: [ main, 4.1.x ]
   pull_request:
-    branches: [ main, 4.1.x, 4.0.x, 3.1.x ]
+    branches: [ main, 4.1.x ]
 
 jobs:
   build:
diff --git a/spring-cloud-commons/pom.xml b/spring-cloud-commons/pom.xml
index 70f12033..b4a439fa 100644
--- a/spring-cloud-commons/pom.xml
+++ b/spring-cloud-commons/pom.xml
@@ -225,5 +225,11 @@
 			<artifactId>micrometer-observation-test</artifactId>
 			<scope>test</scope>
 		</dependency>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
+			<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
+			<version>3.16.0</version>
+			<scope>test</scope>
+		</dependency>
 	</dependencies>
 </project>
diff --git a/spring-cloud-loadbalancer/src/main/java/org/springframework/cloud/loadbalancer/core/RandomLoadBalancer.java b/spring-cloud-loadbalancer/src/main/java/org/springframework/cloud/loadbalancer/core/RandomLoadBalancer.java
index ed97037c..67222ffa 100644
--- a/spring-cloud-loadbalancer/src/main/java/org/springframework/cloud/loadbalancer/core/RandomLoadBalancer.java
+++ b/spring-cloud-loadbalancer/src/main/java/org/springframework/cloud/loadbalancer/core/RandomLoadBalancer.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2012-2020 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2012-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -29,11 +29,13 @@ import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.DefaultResponse;
 import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.EmptyResponse;
 import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.Request;
 import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.Response;
+import org.springframework.util.function.SingletonSupplier;
 
 /**
  * A random-based implementation of {@link ReactorServiceInstanceLoadBalancer}.
  *
  * @author Olga Maciaszek-Sharma
+ * @author Nan Chiu
  * @since 2.2.7
  */
 public class RandomLoadBalancer implements ReactorServiceInstanceLoadBalancer {
@@ -42,7 +44,7 @@ public class RandomLoadBalancer implements ReactorServiceInstanceLoadBalancer {
 
 	private final String serviceId;
 
-	private ObjectProvider<ServiceInstanceListSupplier> serviceInstanceListSupplierProvider;
+	private final SingletonSupplier<ServiceInstanceListSupplier> serviceInstanceListSingletonSupplier;
 
 	/**
 	 * @param serviceInstanceListSupplierProvider a provider of
@@ -52,14 +54,14 @@ public class RandomLoadBalancer implements ReactorServiceInstanceLoadBalancer {
 	public RandomLoadBalancer(ObjectProvider<ServiceInstanceListSupplier> serviceInstanceListSupplierProvider,
 			String serviceId) {
 		this.serviceId = serviceId;
-		this.serviceInstanceListSupplierProvider = serviceInstanceListSupplierProvider;
+		this.serviceInstanceListSingletonSupplier = SingletonSupplier
+			.of(() -> serviceInstanceListSupplierProvider.getIfAvailable(NoopServiceInstanceListSupplier::new));
 	}
 
 	@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
 	@Override
 	public Mono<Response<ServiceInstance>> choose(Request request) {
-		ServiceInstanceListSupplier supplier = serviceInstanceListSupplierProvider
-			.getIfAvailable(NoopServiceInstanceListSupplier::new);
+		ServiceInstanceListSupplier supplier = serviceInstanceListSingletonSupplier.obtain();
 		return supplier.get(request)
 			.next()
 			.map(serviceInstances -> processInstanceResponse(supplier, serviceInstances));
diff --git a/spring-cloud-loadbalancer/src/main/java/org/springframework/cloud/loadbalancer/core/RoundRobinLoadBalancer.java b/spring-cloud-loadbalancer/src/main/java/org/springframework/cloud/loadbalancer/core/RoundRobinLoadBalancer.java
index 7bed7fe5..64805204 100644
--- a/spring-cloud-loadbalancer/src/main/java/org/springframework/cloud/loadbalancer/core/RoundRobinLoadBalancer.java
+++ b/spring-cloud-loadbalancer/src/main/java/org/springframework/cloud/loadbalancer/core/RoundRobinLoadBalancer.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2012-2020 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2012-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.DefaultResponse;
 import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.EmptyResponse;
 import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.Request;
 import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.Response;
+import org.springframework.util.function.SingletonSupplier;
 
 /**
  * A Round-Robin-based implementation of {@link ReactorServiceInstanceLoadBalancer}.
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.Response;
  * @author Spencer Gibb
  * @author Olga Maciaszek-Sharma
  * @author Zhuozhi JI
+ * @author Nan Chiu
  */
 public class RoundRobinLoadBalancer implements ReactorServiceInstanceLoadBalancer {
 
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ public class RoundRobinLoadBalancer implements ReactorServiceInstanceLoadBalance
 
 	final String serviceId;
 
-	ObjectProvider<ServiceInstanceListSupplier> serviceInstanceListSupplierProvider;
+	private final SingletonSupplier<ServiceInstanceListSupplier> serviceInstanceListSingletonSupplier;
 
 	/**
 	 * @param serviceInstanceListSupplierProvider a provider of
@@ -67,7 +69,8 @@ public class RoundRobinLoadBalancer implements ReactorServiceInstanceLoadBalance
 	public RoundRobinLoadBalancer(ObjectProvider<ServiceInstanceListSupplier> serviceInstanceListSupplierProvider,
 			String serviceId, int seedPosition) {
 		this.serviceId = serviceId;
-		this.serviceInstanceListSupplierProvider = serviceInstanceListSupplierProvider;
+		this.serviceInstanceListSingletonSupplier = SingletonSupplier
+			.of(() -> serviceInstanceListSupplierProvider.getIfAvailable(NoopServiceInstanceListSupplier::new));
 		this.position = new AtomicInteger(seedPosition);
 	}
 
@@ -77,8 +80,7 @@ public class RoundRobinLoadBalancer implements ReactorServiceInstanceLoadBalance
 	// https://github.com/Netflix/ocelli/blob/master/ocelli-core/
 	// src/main/java/netflix/ocelli/loadbalancer/RoundRobinLoadBalancer.java
 	public Mono<Response<ServiceInstance>> choose(Request request) {
-		ServiceInstanceListSupplier supplier = serviceInstanceListSupplierProvider
-			.getIfAvailable(NoopServiceInstanceListSupplier::new);
+		ServiceInstanceListSupplier supplier = serviceInstanceListSingletonSupplier.obtain();
 		return supplier.get(request)
 			.next()
 			.map(serviceInstances -> processInstanceResponse(supplier, serviceInstances));
diff --git a/spring-cloud-test-support/pom.xml b/spring-cloud-test-support/pom.xml
index 39dbd6c4..c4a6f3b2 100644
--- a/spring-cloud-test-support/pom.xml
+++ b/spring-cloud-test-support/pom.xml
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
 	<name>spring-cloud-test-support</name>
 	<description>Spring Cloud Test Support</description>
 	<properties>
-		<maven.version>3.9.5</maven.version>
-		<maven-resolver.version>1.9.16</maven-resolver.version>
+		<maven.version>3.9.9</maven.version>
+		<maven-resolver.version>1.9.22</maven-resolver.version>
 	</properties>
 	<dependencies>
 		<dependency>