[[production-ready]]
= Spring Boot Actuator: Production-ready features

[partintro]
--
Spring Boot includes a number of additional features to help you monitor and manage your
application when you push it to production. You can choose to manage and monitor your
application by using HTTP endpoints or with JMX. Auditing, health, and metrics gathering
can also be automatically applied to your application.
--



[[production-ready-enabling]]
== Enabling Production-ready Features
The {github-code}/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-actuator[`spring-boot-actuator`] module
provides all of Spring Boot's production-ready features. The simplest way to enable the
features is to add a dependency to the `spring-boot-starter-actuator` '`Starter`'.

.Definition of Actuator
****
An actuator is a manufacturing term, referring to a mechanical device for moving or
controlling something. Actuators can generate a large amount of motion from a small
change.
****

To add the actuator to a Maven based project, add the following '`Starter`' dependency:

[source,xml,indent=0]
----
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
----

For Gradle, use the following declaration:

[source,groovy,indent=0]
----
	dependencies {
		compile("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-actuator")
	}
----



[[production-ready-endpoints]]
== Endpoints
Actuator endpoints let you monitor and interact with your application. Spring Boot
includes a number of built-in endpoints and lets you add your own. For example, the
`health` endpoint provides basic application health information.

The way that endpoints are exposed depends on the type of technology that you choose.
Most applications choose HTTP monitoring, where the ID of the endpoint along with a
prefix of `/actuator` is mapped to a URL. For example, by default, the `health`
endpoint is mapped to `/actuator/health`.

The following technology-agnostic endpoints are available:

[cols="2,5"]
|===
| ID | Description

|`auditevents`
|Exposes audit events information for the current application.

|`conditions`
|Showing the conditions that were evaluated on configuration and auto-configuration
 classes and the reasons why they did or did not match.

|`beans`
|Displays a complete list of all the Spring beans in your application.

|`configprops`
|Displays a collated list of all `@ConfigurationProperties`.

|`env`
|Exposes properties from Spring's `ConfigurableEnvironment`.

|`flyway`
|Shows any Flyway database migrations that have been applied.

|`health`
|Shows application health information.

|`info`
|Displays arbitrary application info.

|`loggers`
|Shows and modifies the configuration of loggers in the application.

|`liquibase`
|Shows any Liquibase database migrations that have been applied.

|`metrics`
|Shows '`metrics`' information for the current application.

|`mappings`
|Displays a collated list of all `@RequestMapping` paths.

|`scheduledtasks`
|Displays the scheduled tasks in your application.

|`sessions`
|Allows retrieval and deletion of user sessions from a Spring Session-backed session
 store. Not available when using Spring Session's support for reactive web applications.

|`shutdown`
|Lets the application be gracefully shutdown (not enabled by default).

|`threaddump`
|Performs a thread dump.

|`trace`
|Displays trace information (by default, the last 100 HTTP requests).
|===

If your application is a web application (Spring MVC, Spring WebFlux, or Jersey), you can
use the following additional endpoints:

[cols="2,5"]
|===
| ID | Description

|`heapdump`
|Returns a GZip compressed `hprof` heap dump file.

|`logfile`
|Returns the contents of the logfile (if `logging.file` or `logging.path` properties have
been set). Supports the use of the HTTP `Range` header to retrieve part of the log file's
content.

|`prometheus`
|Exposes metrics in a format that can be scraped by a Prometheus server.

|===

To learn more about the Actuator's endpoints and their request and response formats,
please refer to the separate API documentation that is available in the following formats:

* {spring-boot-actuator-api}/html[HTML]
* {spring-boot-actuator-api}/pdf/spring-boot-actuator-web-api.pdf[PDF]



[[production-ready-endpoints-exposing-endpoints]]
=== Exposing Endpoints
Since Endpoints may contain sensitive information, careful consideration should be given
about when to expose them. Out of the box, Spring Boot will expose all enabled endpoints
over JMX, but only the `health` and `info` endpoints over HTTP.

To change the endpoints that are exposed you can use the `expose` and `exclude` property
for the technology. For example, to only expose the `health` over JMX you would use:

.application.properties
[source,properties,indent=0]
----
	management.endpoints.jmx.expose=health
----

The `*` character can be used to indicate all endpoints. For example, to expose everything
over HTTP except the `env` endpoint you would use:

.application.properties
[source,properties,indent=0]
----
	management.endpoints.web.expose=*
	management.endpoints.web.exclude=env
----

NOTE: If your application is exposed publicly we strongly recommend that you also
<<production-ready-endpoints-security, secure your endpoints>>.

TIP: If you want to implement your own strategy for when endpoints are exposed you can
register an `EndpointFilter` bean.



[[production-ready-endpoints-security]]
=== Securing HTTP Endpoints
You should take care to secure HTTP endpoints in the same way that you would any other
sensitive URL. Spring Boot will not apply any security on your behalf, however, it does
provide some convenient ``RequestMatcher``s that can be used in combination with Spring
Security.

A typical Spring Security configuration could look something like this:

[source,java,indent=0]
----
	@Configuration
	public class ActuatorSecurity extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

		@Override
		protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
			http.requestMatcher(EndpointRequest.toAnyEndpoint()).authorizeRequests()
					.anyRequest().hasRole("ENDPOINT_ADMIN")
					.and()
				.httpBasic();
		}

	}
----

The above uses `EndpointRequest.toAnyEndpoint()` to match a request to any endpoint, then
ensure that all have the `ENDPOINT_ADMIN` role. Several other matcher methods are
also available on `EndpointRequest` (see the API documentation for details).

If you deploy applications behind a firewall, you may prefer that all your actuator
endpoints can be accessed without requiring authentication. You can do so by changing the
`management.endpoints.web.expose` property, as follows:

.application.properties
[source,properties,indent=0]
----
	management.endpoints.web.expose=*
----



[[production-ready-customizing-endpoints]]
=== Customizing Endpoints
Endpoints can be customized by using Spring properties. You can change whether an
endpoint is `enabled` and the amount of time it will cache responses.

For example, the following `application.properties` changes the time-to-live of the
`beans` endpoint to 10 seconds and also enables `shutdown`:

[source,properties,indent=0]
----
	management.endpoint.beans.cache.time-to-live=10s
	management.endpoint.shutdown.enabled=true
----

NOTE: The prefix `management.endpoint.<name>` is used to uniquely identify the
endpoint that is being configured.

By default, all endpoints except for `shutdown` are enabled. If you prefer to
specifically "`opt-in`" endpoint enablement, you can use the
`management.endpoints.enabled-by-default` property. For example, the following settings
disable _all_ endpoints except for `info`:

[source,properties,indent=0]
----
	management.endpoints.enabled-by-default=false
	management.endpoint.info.enabled=true
----

NOTE: Disabled endpoints are removed entirely from the `ApplicationContext`. If you only
want to change the technologies over which an endpoint is exposed you can use the `expose`
and `exclude` properties (see <<production-ready-endpoints-exposing-endpoints>>).



[[production-ready-endpoint-hypermedia]]
=== Hypermedia for Actuator Web Endpoints
A "`discovery page`" is added with links to all the endpoints. The "`discovery page`" is
available on `/actuator` by default.

When a custom management context path is configured, the "`discovery page`" automatically
moves from `/actuator` to the root of the management context. For example, if the
management context path is `/management`, then the discovery page is available from
`/management`. When the management context path is set to `/`, the discovery page is
disabled to prevent the possibility of a clash with other mappings.



[[production-ready-endpoint-custom-mapping]]
=== Actuator Web Endpoint Paths
By default, endpoints are exposed over HTTP under the `/actuator` path using ID of the
endpoint. For example, the `beans` endpoint is exposed under `/actuator/beans`. If you
want to map endpoints to a different path you can use the
`management.endpoints.web.path-mapping` property. You can also use
`management.endpoints.web.base-path` if you want change the base path.

Here's an example that remaps `/actuator/health` to `/healthcheck`:

.application.properties
[source,properties,indent=0]
----
	management.endpoints.web.base-path=/
	management.endpoints.path-mapping.health=healthcheck
----



[[production-ready-endpoint-cors]]
=== CORS Support
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-origin_resource_sharing[Cross-origin resource sharing]
(CORS) is a http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/[W3C specification] that allows you to specify in a
flexible way what kind of cross domain requests are authorized. If you use Spring MVC or
Spring WebFlux, Actuator's web endpoints can be configured to support such scenarios.

CORS support is disabled by default and is only enabled once the
`management.endpoints.web.cors.allowed-origins` property has been set. The following
configuration permits `GET` and `POST` calls from the `example.com` domain:

[source,properties,indent=0]
----
	management.endpoints.web.cors.allowed-origins=http://example.com
	management.endpoints.web.cors.allowed-methods=GET,POST
----

TIP: See {sc-spring-boot-actuator-autoconfigure}/endpoint/web/servlet/CorsEndpointProperties.{sc-ext}[CorsEndpointProperties] for a complete list of options.



[[production-ready-customizing-endpoints-programmatically]]
=== Adding Custom Endpoints
If you add a `@Bean` annotated with `@Endpoint`, any methods annotated with
`@ReadOperation`, `@WriteOperation` or `@DeleteOperation` are automatically exposed over
JMX and, in a web application, over HTTP as well.

You can also write technology specific endpoints by using `@JmxEndpoint` or
`@WebEndpoint`. These endpoints are filtered to their respective technologies. For
example, `@WebEndpoint` will be exposed only over HTTP and not over JMX.

Finally, it's possible to write technology specific extensions using
`@EndpointWebExtension` and `@EndpointJmxExtension`. These annotations allow you to
provide technology specific operations to augment an existing endpoint.

TIP: If you add endpoints as a library feature, consider adding a configuration class
annotated with `@ManagementContextConfiguration` to `/META-INF/spring.factories` under the
key, `org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.ManagementContextConfiguration`. If
you do so and if your users ask for a separate management port or address, the endpoint
moves to a child context with all the other web endpoints.



[[production-ready-health]]
=== Health Information
You can use health information to check the status of your running application. It is
often used by monitoring software to alert someone when a production system goes down.
The information exposed by the `health` endpoint depends on the
`management.endpoint.health.show-details` property. By default, the property's value is
`false` and a simple '`status`' message is returned. When the property's value is set to
`true`, additional details from the individual health indicators are also displayed.

Health information is collected from all
{sc-spring-boot-actuator}/health/HealthIndicator.{sc-ext}[`HealthIndicator`] beans
defined in your `ApplicationContext`. Spring Boot includes a number of auto-configured
`HealthIndicators`, and you can also write your own. By default, the final system state
is derived by the `HealthAggregator`, which sorts the statuses from each
`HealthIndicator` based on an ordered list of statuses. The first status in the sorted
list is used as the overall health status. If no `HealthIndicator` returns a status that
is known to the `HealthAggregator`, an `UNKNOWN` status is used.



==== Auto-configured HealthIndicators
The following `HealthIndicators` are auto-configured by Spring Boot when appropriate:

[cols="1,4"]
|===
|Name |Description

|{sc-spring-boot-actuator}/cassandra/CassandraHealthIndicator.{sc-ext}[`CassandraHealthIndicator`]
|Checks that a Cassandra database is up.

|{sc-spring-boot-actuator}/system/DiskSpaceHealthIndicator.{sc-ext}[`DiskSpaceHealthIndicator`]
|Checks for low disk space.

|{sc-spring-boot-actuator}/jdbc/DataSourceHealthIndicator.{sc-ext}[`DataSourceHealthIndicator`]
|Checks that a connection to `DataSource` can be obtained.

|{sc-spring-boot-actuator}/elasticsearch/ElasticsearchHealthIndicator.{sc-ext}[`ElasticsearchHealthIndicator`]
|Checks that an Elasticsearch cluster is up.

|{sc-spring-boot-actuator}/jms/JmsHealthIndicator.{sc-ext}[`JmsHealthIndicator`]
|Checks that a JMS broker is up.

|{sc-spring-boot-actuator}/mail/MailHealthIndicator.{sc-ext}[`MailHealthIndicator`]
|Checks that a mail server is up.

|{sc-spring-boot-actuator}/mongo/MongoHealthIndicator.{sc-ext}[`MongoHealthIndicator`]
|Checks that a Mongo database is up.

|{sc-spring-boot-actuator}/neo4j/Neo4jHealthIndicator.{sc-ext}[`Neo4jHealthIndicator`]
|Checks that a Neo4j server is up.

|{sc-spring-boot-actuator}/amqp/RabbitHealthIndicator.{sc-ext}[`RabbitHealthIndicator`]
|Checks that a Rabbit server is up.

|{sc-spring-boot-actuator}/redis/RedisHealthIndicator.{sc-ext}[`RedisHealthIndicator`]
|Checks that a Redis server is up.

|{sc-spring-boot-actuator}/solr/SolrHealthIndicator.{sc-ext}[`SolrHealthIndicator`]
|Checks that a Solr server is up.
|===

TIP: It is possible to disable them all using the `management.health.defaults.enabled`
property.


==== Writing Custom HealthIndicators
To provide custom health information, you can register Spring beans that implement the
{sc-spring-boot-actuator}/health/HealthIndicator.{sc-ext}[`HealthIndicator`] interface.
You need to provide an implementation of the `health()` method and return a `Health`
response. The `Health` response should include a status and can optionally include
additional details to be displayed. The following code shows a sample `HealthIndicator`
implementation:

[source,java,indent=0]
----
	import org.springframework.boot.actuate.health.Health;
	import org.springframework.boot.actuate.health.HealthIndicator;
	import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

	@Component
	public class MyHealthIndicator implements HealthIndicator {

		@Override
		public Health health() {
			int errorCode = check(); // perform some specific health check
			if (errorCode != 0) {
				return Health.down().withDetail("Error Code", errorCode).build();
			}
			return Health.up().build();
		}

	}
----

NOTE: The identifier for a given `HealthIndicator` is the name of the bean without the
`HealthIndicator` suffix, if it exists. In the preceding example, the health information
is available in an entry named `my`.

In addition to Spring Boot's predefined
{sc-spring-boot-actuator}/health/Status.{sc-ext}[`Status`] types, it is also possible for
`Health` to return a custom `Status` that represents a new system state. In such cases, a
custom implementation of the
{sc-spring-boot-actuator}/health/HealthAggregator.{sc-ext}[`HealthAggregator`] interface
also needs to be provided, or the default implementation has to be configured by using
the `management.health.status.order` configuration property.

For example, assume a new `Status` with code `FATAL` is being used in one of your
`HealthIndicator` implementations. To configure the severity order, add the following
to your application properties:

[source,properties,indent=0]
----
	management.health.status.order=FATAL, DOWN, OUT_OF_SERVICE, UNKNOWN, UP
----

The HTTP status code in the response reflects the overall health status (for example,
`UP` maps to 200, while `OUT_OF_SERVICE` and `DOWN` map to 503). You might also want to
register custom status mappings if you access the health endpoint over HTTP. For example,
the following property maps `FATAL` to 503 (service unavailable):

[source,properties,indent=0]
----
	management.health.status.http-mapping.FATAL=503
----

TIP: If you need more control, you can define your own `HealthStatusHttpMapper` bean.

The following table shows the default status mappings for the built-in statuses:

[cols="1,3"]
|===
|Status |Mapping

|DOWN
|SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE (503)

|OUT_OF_SERVICE
|SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE (503)

|UP
|No mapping by default, so http status is 200

|UNKNOWN
|No mapping by default, so http status is 200
|===



[[reactive-health-indicators]]
==== Reactive Health Indicators
For reactive applications, such as those using Spring WebFlux, ReactiveHealthIndicators
provide a non-blocking contract for getting application health. Similar to a traditional
`HealthIndicator`, health information is collected from all
{sc-spring-boot-actuator}/health/ReactiveHealthIndicator.{sc-ext}[`ReactiveHealthIndicator`]
beans defined in your `ApplicationContext`. Regular HealthIndicators that do not check
against a reactive API are included and executed on the elastic scheduler.

To provide custom health information from a reactive API, you can register Spring beans
that implement the
{sc-spring-boot-actuator}/health/ReactiveHealthIndicator.{sc-ext}[`ReactiveHealthIndicator`] interface.
The following code shows a sample `ReactiveHealthIndicator` implementation:

[source,java,indent=0]
----
	@Component
	public class MyReactiveHealthIndicator implements ReactiveHealthIndicator {

		@Override
		public Mono<Health> health() {
			return doHealthCheck() //perform some specific health check that returns a Mono<Health>
				.onErrorResume(ex -> Mono.just(new Health.Builder().down(ex).build())));
		}

	}
----

TIP: To handle the error automatically, consider extending from
`AbstractReactiveHealthIndicator`.



==== Auto-configured ReactiveHealthIndicators
The following `ReactiveHealthIndicators` are auto-configured by Spring Boot when
appropriate:

[cols="1,4"]
|===
|Name |Description

|{sc-spring-boot-actuator}/redis/RedisReactiveHealthIndicator.{sc-ext}[`RedisReactiveHealthIndicator`]
|Checks that a Redis server is up.
|===

TIP: Those reactive indicators replace the regular ones if necessary. Also, any
`HealthIndicator` that is not handled explicitly is wrapped automatically.



[[production-ready-application-info]]
=== Application Information
Application information exposes various information collected from all
{sc-spring-boot-actuator}/info/InfoContributor.{sc-ext}[`InfoContributor`] beans defined
in your `ApplicationContext`. Spring Boot includes a number of auto-configured
`InfoContributors`, and you can write your own.

[[production-ready-application-info-autoconfigure]]
==== Auto-configured InfoContributors

The following `InfoContributors` are auto-configured by Spring Boot, when appropriate:

[cols="1,4"]
|===
|Name |Description

|{sc-spring-boot-actuator}/info/EnvironmentInfoContributor.{sc-ext}[`EnvironmentInfoContributor`]
|Expose any key from the `Environment` under the `info` key.

|{sc-spring-boot-actuator}/info/GitInfoContributor.{sc-ext}[`GitInfoContributor`]
|Expose git information if a `git.properties` file is available.

|{sc-spring-boot-actuator}/info/BuildInfoContributor.{sc-ext}[`BuildInfoContributor`]
|Expose build information if a `META-INF/build-info.properties` file is available.
|===

TIP: It is possible to disable them all using the `management.info.defaults.enabled`
property.

[[production-ready-application-info-env]]
==== Custom Application Information
You can customize the data exposed by the `info` endpoint by setting `+info.*+` Spring
properties. All `Environment` properties under the info key are automatically exposed.
For example, you could add the following settings to your `application.properties` file:

[source,properties,indent=0]
----
	info.app.encoding=UTF-8
	info.app.java.source=1.8
	info.app.java.target=1.8
----

[TIP]
====
Rather than hardcoding those values, you could also
<<howto.adoc#howto-automatic-expansion,expand info properties at build time>>.

Assuming you use Maven, you could rewrite the preceding example as follows:

[source,properties,indent=0]
----
	info.app.encoding=@project.build.sourceEncoding@
	info.app.java.source=@java.version@
	info.app.java.target=@java.version@
----
====



[[production-ready-application-info-git]]
==== Git Commit Information
Another useful feature of the `info` endpoint is its ability to publish information about
the state of your `git` source code repository when the project was built. If a
`GitProperties` bean is available, the `git.branch`, `git.commit.id` and
`git.commit.time` properties are exposed.

TIP: A `GitProperties` bean is auto-configured if a `git.properties` file is available at
the root of the classpath. See
"<<howto.adoc#howto-git-info,Generate git information>>" for more details.

If you want to display the full git information (that is, the full content of
`git.properties`), use the `management.info.git.mode` property, as follows:

[source,properties,indent=0]
----
	management.info.git.mode=full
----



[[production-ready-application-info-build]]
==== Build Information
If a `BuildProperties` bean is available, the `info` endpoint can also publish
information about your build. This happens if a `META-INF/build-info.properties` file is
available in the classpath.

TIP: The Maven and Gradle plugins can both generate that file. See
"<<howto.adoc#howto-build-info,Generate build information>>" for more details.


[[production-ready-application-info-custom]]
==== Writing Custom InfoContributors
To provide custom application information, you can register Spring beans that implement
the {sc-spring-boot-actuator}/info/InfoContributor.{sc-ext}[`InfoContributor`] interface.

The following example contributes an `example` entry with a single value:

[source,java,indent=0]
----
	import java.util.Collections;

	import org.springframework.boot.actuate.info.Info;
	import org.springframework.boot.actuate.info.InfoContributor;
	import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

	@Component
	public class ExampleInfoContributor implements InfoContributor {

		@Override
		public void contribute(Info.Builder builder) {
			builder.withDetail("example",
					Collections.singletonMap("key", "value"));
		}

	}
----

If you reach the `info` endpoint, you should see a response that contains the following
additional entry:

[source,json,indent=0]
----
	{
		"example": {
			"key" : "value"
		}
	}
----



[[production-ready-monitoring]]
== Monitoring and Management over HTTP
If you are developing a web application, Spring Boot Actuator auto-configures all
enabled endpoints to be exposed over HTTP. The default convention is to use the `id` of
the endpoint with a prefix of `/actuator` as the URL path. For example, `health` is
exposed as `/actuator/health`.

TIP: Actuator is supported natively with Spring MVC, Spring WebFlux and Jersey.



[[production-ready-customizing-management-server-context-path]]
=== Customizing the Management Endpoint Paths
Sometimes, it is useful to customize the prefix for the management endpoints. For
example, your application might already use `/actuator` for another purpose. You can
use the `management.endpoints.web.base-path` property to change the prefix for your
management endpoint, as shown in the following example:

[source,properties,indent=0]
----
	management.endpoints.web.base-path=/manage
----

The preceding `application.properties` example changes the endpoint from
`/actuator/{id}` to `/manage/{id}` (e.g. `/manage/info`).

NOTE: Unless the management port has been configured to
<<production-ready-customizing-management-server-port,expose endpoints using a different
HTTP port>>, `management.endpoints.web.base-path` is relative to `server.context-path`.
If `management.server.port` is configured, `management.endpoints.web.base-path` is
relative to `management.server.servlet.context-path`.



[[production-ready-customizing-management-server-port]]
=== Customizing the Management Server Port
Exposing management endpoints by using the default HTTP port is a sensible choice for
cloud based deployments. If, however, your application runs inside your own data center,
you may prefer to expose endpoints by using a different HTTP port.

You can set the `management.server.port` property to change the HTTP port, as shown in
the following example:

[source,properties,indent=0]
----
	management.server.port=8081
----

Since your management port is often protected by a firewall and not exposed to the
public, you might not need security on the management endpoints, even if your main
application is secure. In that case, you should have Spring Security on the classpath,
and you can disable management security as follows:

[source,properties,indent=0]
----
	management.security.enabled=false
----

(If you do not have Spring Security on the classpath, there is no need to explicitly
disable the management security in this way. Doing so might even break the application.)



[[production-ready-management-specific-ssl]]
=== Configuring Management-specific SSL
When configured to use a custom port, the management server can also be configured with
its own SSL by using the various `management.server.ssl.*` properties. For example, doing
so lets a management server be available via HTTP while the main application uses HTTPS,
as shown in the following property settings:

[source,properties,indent=0]
----
	server.port=8443
	server.ssl.enabled=true
	server.ssl.key-store=classpath:store.jks
	server.ssl.key-password=secret
	management.server.port=8080
	management.server.ssl.enabled=false
----

Alternatively, both the main server and the management server can use SSL but with
different key stores, as follows:

[source,properties,indent=0]
----
	server.port=8443
	server.ssl.enabled=true
	server.ssl.key-store=classpath:main.jks
	server.ssl.key-password=secret
	management.server.port=8080
	management.server.ssl.enabled=true
	management.server.ssl.key-store=classpath:management.jks
	management.server.ssl.key-password=secret
----



[[production-ready-customizing-management-server-address]]
=== Customizing the Management Server Address
You can customize the address that the management endpoints are available on by setting
the `management.server.address` property. Doing so can be useful if you want to listen
only on an internal or ops-facing network or to listen only for connections from
`localhost`.

NOTE: You can only listen on a different address if the port is different from the main
server port.

The following example `application.properties` does not allow remote management
connections:

[source,properties,indent=0]
----
	management.server.port=8081
	management.server.address=127.0.0.1
----



[[production-ready-disabling-http-endpoints]]
=== Disabling HTTP Endpoints
If you do not want to expose endpoints over HTTP, you can set the management port to
`-1`, as shown in the following example:

[source,properties,indent=0]
----
	management.server.port=-1
----



[[production-ready-jmx]]
== Monitoring and Management over JMX
Java Management Extensions (JMX) provide a standard mechanism to monitor and manage
applications. By default, Spring Boot exposes management endpoints as JMX MBeans under
the `org.springframework.boot` domain.



[[production-ready-custom-mbean-names]]
=== Customizing MBean Names
The name of the MBean is usually generated from the `id` of the endpoint. For example the
`health` endpoint is exposed as `org.springframework.boot:type=Endpoint,name=Health`.

If your application contains more than one Spring `ApplicationContext`, you may find that
names clash. To solve this problem, you can set the
`management.endpoints.jmx.unique-names` property to `true` so that MBean names are always
unique.

You can also customize the JMX domain under which endpoints are exposed. The following
settings show an example of doing so in `application.properties`:

[source,properties,indent=0]
----
	management.endpoints.jmx.domain=com.example.myapp
	management.endpoints.jmx.unique-names=true
----



[[production-ready-disable-jmx-endpoints]]
=== Disabling JMX Endpoints
If you do not want to expose endpoints over JMX, you can set the
`management.endpoints.jmx.enabled` property to `false`, as shown in the following example:

[source,properties,indent=0]
----
	management.endpoints.jmx.enabled=false
----



[[production-ready-jolokia]]
=== Using Jolokia for JMX over HTTP
Jolokia is a JMX-HTTP bridge that provides an alternative method of accessing JMX beans.
To use Jolokia, include a dependency to `org.jolokia:jolokia-core`. For example, with
Maven, you would add the following dependency:

[source,xml,indent=0]
----
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.jolokia</groupId>
		<artifactId>jolokia-core</artifactId>
 	</dependency>
----

Jolokia can then be accessed by using `/actuator/jolokia` on your management HTTP
server.



[[production-ready-customizing-jolokia]]
==== Customizing Jolokia
Jolokia has a number of settings that you would traditionally configure using servlet
parameters. With Spring Boot, you can use your `application.properties`. Prefix the
parameter with `management.jolokia.config.`, as shown in the following example:

[source,properties,indent=0]
----
	management.jolokia.config.debug=true
----



[[production-ready-disabling-jolokia]]
==== Disabling Jolokia
If you use Jolokia but do not want Spring Boot to configure it, set the
`management.jolokia.enabled` property to `false`, as follows:

[source,properties,indent=0]
----
	management.jolokia.enabled=false
----



[[production-ready-loggers]]
== Loggers
Spring Boot Actuator includes the ability to view and configure the log levels of your
application at runtime. You can view either the entire list or an individual logger's
configuration, which is made up of both the explicitly configured logging level as well
as the effective logging level given to it by the logging framework.  These levels can be
one of:

* `TRACE`
* `DEBUG`
* `INFO`
* `WARN`
* `ERROR`
* `FATAL`
* `OFF`
* `null`

`null` indicates that there is no explicit configuration.



[[production-ready-logger-configuration]]
=== Configure a Logger
In order to configure a given logger, you `POST` a partial entity to the resource's URI,
as shown in the following example:

[source,json,indent=0]
----
	{
		"configuredLevel": "DEBUG"
	}
----

TIP: To "reset" the specific level of the logger (and use the default configuration
instead), you can pass a value of `null` as the `configuredLevel`.



[[production-ready-metrics]]
== Metrics
Spring Boot Actuator provides dependency management and auto-configuration for
https://micrometer.io[Micrometer], an application metrics facade that supports numerous
monitoring systems:

- https://github.com/Netflix/atlas[Atlas]
- https://www.datadoghq.com[Datadog]
- http://ganglia.sourceforge.net[Ganglia]
- https://graphiteapp.org[Graphite]
- https://www.influxdata.com[Influx]
- https://prometheus.io[Prometheus]

Micrometer provides a separate module for each supported monitoring system. Depending on
one (or more) of these modules is sufficient to get started with Micrometer in your
Spring Boot application. To learn more about Micrometer's capabilities, please refer to
its https://micrometer.io/docs[reference documentation].



[[production-ready-metrics-spring-mvc]]
=== Spring MVC Metrics
Auto-configuration enables the instrumentation of requests handled by Spring MVC. When
`spring.metrics.web.server.auto-time-requests` is `true`, this instrumentation occurs for
all requests. Alternatively, when set to `false`, you can enable instrumentation by
adding `@Timed` to a request-handling method.

By default, metrics are generated with the name, `http.server.requests`. The name can be
customized by setting the `spring.metrics.web.server.requests-metrics-name` property.



[[production-ready-metrics-spring-mvc-tags]]
==== Spring MVC Metric Tags
By default, Spring MVC-related metrics are tagged with the following information:

- The request's method.
- The request's URI (templated if possible).
- The simple class name of any exception that was thrown while handling the request.
- The response's status.

To customize the tags, provide a `@Bean` that implements `WebMvcTagsProvider`.


[[production-ready-metrics-web-flux]]
=== WebFlux Metrics
Auto-configuration enables the instrumentation of all requests handled by WebFlux
controllers. You can also use a helper class, `RouterFunctionMetrics`, to instrument
applications that use WebFlux's functional programming model.

By default, metrics are generated with the name `http.server.requests`. You can customize
the name by setting the `spring.metrics.web.server.requests-metrics-name` property.



[[production-ready-metrics-web-flux-tags]]
==== WebFlux Metric Tags
By default, WebFlux-related metrics for the annotation-based programming model are tagged
with the following information:

- The request's method.
- The request's URI (templated if possible).
- The simple class name of any exception that was thrown while handling the request.
- The response's status.

To customize the tags, provide a `@Bean` that implements `WebFluxTagsProvider`.

By default, metrics for the functional programming model are tagged with the following
information:

- The request's method
- The request's URI (templated if possible).
- The response's status.

To customize the tags, use the `defaultTags` method on your `RouterFunctionMetrics`
instance.



[[production-ready-metrics-rest-template]]
=== RestTemplate Metrics
Auto-configuration customizes the auto-configured `RestTemplate` to enable the
instrumentation of its requests. `MetricsRestTemplateCustomizer` can be used to customize
your own `RestTemplate` instances.

By default, metrics are generated with the name, `http.client.requests`. The name can be
customized by setting the `spring.metrics.web.client.requests-metrics-name` property.



[[production-ready-metrics-rest-template-tags]]
==== RestTemplate Metric Tags
By default, metrics generated by an instrumented `RestTemplate` are tagged with the
following information:

- The request's method.
- The request's URI (templated if possible).
- The response's status.
- The request URI's host.



[[production-ready-metrics-jdbc]]
=== DataSource metrics
Auto-configuration will enable the instrumentation of all available ``DataSource``s with a
metric named `data.source`. Data source instrumentation results in gauges representing
the currently active, maximum allowed, and minimum allowed connections in the pool. Each
of these gauges has a name which is prefixed by `data.source` by default. The prefix can
be customized by using the `spring.metrics.jdbc.datasource-metric-name` property.

Metrics will also be tagged by the name of the `DataSource` computed based on the bean
name.



[[production-ready-metrics-integration]]
=== Spring Integration Metrics
Auto-configuration enables binding of a number of Spring Integration-related metrics:

.General metrics
|===
| Metric | Description

| `spring.integration.channelNames`
| Number of Spring Integration channels

| `spring.integration.handlerNames`
| Number of Spring Integration handlers

| `spring.integration.sourceNames`
| Number of Spring Integration sources
|===

.Channel metrics
|===
| Metric | Description

| `spring.integration.channel.receives`
| Number of receives

| `spring.integration.channel.sendErrors`
| Number of failed sends

| `spring.integration.channel.sends`
| Number of successful sends
|===

.Handler metrics
|===
| Metric | Description

| `spring.integration.handler.duration.max`
| Maximum handler duration in milliseconds

| `spring.integration.handler.duration.min`
| Minimum handler duration in milliseconds

| `spring.integration.handler.duration.mean`
| Mean handler duration in milliseconds

| `spring.integration.handler.activeCount`
| Number of active handlers
|===

.Source metrics
|===
| Metric | Description

| `spring.integration.source.messages`
| Number of successful source calls
|===



[[production-ready-auditing]]
== Auditing
Once Spring Security is in play Spring Boot Actuator has a flexible audit framework that
publishes events (by default, '`authentication success`', '`failure`' and
'`access denied`' exceptions). This feature can be very useful for reporting and for
implementing a lock-out policy based on authentication failures. To customize published
security events, you can provide your own implementations of
`AbstractAuthenticationAuditListener` and `AbstractAuthorizationAuditListener`.

You can also use the audit services for your own business events. To do so, either inject
the existing `AuditEventRepository` into your own components and use that directly or
publish an `AuditApplicationEvent` with the Spring `ApplicationEventPublisher` (by
implementing `ApplicationEventPublisherAware`).



[[production-ready-tracing]]
== Tracing
Tracing is automatically enabled for all HTTP requests. You can view the `trace` endpoint
and obtain basic information about the last 100 requests. The following listing shows
sample output:

[source,json,indent=0]
----
	[{
		"timestamp": 1394343677415,
		"info": {
			"method": "GET",
			"path": "/trace",
			"headers": {
				"request": {
					"Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
					"Connection": "keep-alive",
					"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
					"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 Gecko/Firefox",
					"Accept-Language": "en-US,en;q=0.5",
					"Cookie": "_ga=GA1.1.827067509.1390890128; ..."
					"Authorization": "Basic ...",
					"Host": "localhost:8080"
				},
				"response": {
					"Strict-Transport-Security": "max-age=31536000 ; includeSubDomains",
					"X-Application-Context": "application:8080",
					"Content-Type": "application/json;charset=UTF-8",
					"status": "200"
				}
			}
		}
	},{
		"timestamp": 1394343684465,
		...
	}]
----

By default, the trace includes the following information:

[cols="1,2"]
|===
|Name |Description

|Request Headers
|Headers from the request.

|Response Headers
|Headers from the response.

|Cookies
|`Cookie` from request headers and `Set-Cookie` from response headers.

|Errors
|The error attributes (if any).

|Time Taken
|The time taken to service the request in milliseconds.
|===



[[production-ready-custom-tracing]]
=== Custom tracing
If you need to trace additional events, you can inject a
{sc-spring-boot-actuator}/trace/TraceRepository.{sc-ext}[`TraceRepository`] into your
Spring beans. The `add` method accepts a single `Map` structure that is converted to JSON
and logged.

By default, an `InMemoryTraceRepository` that stores the last 100 events is used. If you
need to expand the capacity, you can define your own instance of the
`InMemoryTraceRepository` bean. You can also create your own alternative
`TraceRepository` implementation.



[[production-ready-process-monitoring]]
== Process Monitoring
In the `spring-boot` module, you can find two classes to create files that are often
useful for process monitoring:

* `ApplicationPidFileWriter` creates a file containing the application PID (by default,
in the application directory with the file name, `application.pid`).
* `EmbeddedServerPortFileWriter` creates a file (or files) containing the ports of the
embedded server (by default, in the application directory with the file name
`application.port`).

By default, these writers are not activated, but you can enable them in one of the ways
described in the next section.



[[production-ready-process-monitoring-configuration]]
=== Extend Configuration
In the `META-INF/spring.factories` file, you can activate the listener(s) that writes a
PID file, as shown in the following example:

[indent=0]
----
	org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\
	org.springframework.boot.system.ApplicationPidFileWriter,\
	org.springframework.boot.system.EmbeddedServerPortFileWriter
----



[[production-ready-process-monitoring-programmatically]]
=== Programmatically
You can also activate a listener by invoking the `SpringApplication.addListeners(...)`
method and passing the appropriate `Writer` object. This method also lets you customize
the file name and path in the `Writer` constructor.



[[production-ready-cloudfoundry]]
== Cloud Foundry Support
Spring Boot's actuator module includes additional support that is activated when you
deploy to a compatible Cloud Foundry instance. The `/cloudfoundryapplication` path
provides an alternative secured route to all `@Endpoint` beans.

The extended support lets Cloud Foundry management UIs (such as the web application that
you can use to view deployed applications) be augmented with Spring Boot actuator
information. For example, an application status page may include full health information
instead of the typical "`running`" or "`stopped`" status.

NOTE: The `/cloudfoundryapplication` path is not directly accessible to regular users.
In order to use the endpoint, a valid UAA token must be passed with the request.



[[production-ready-cloudfoundry-disable]]
=== Disabling Extended Cloud Foundry Actuator Support
If you want to fully disable the `/cloudfoundryapplication` endpoints, you can add the
following setting to your `application.properties` file:


.application.properties
[source,properties,indent=0]
----
	management.cloudfoundry.enabled=false
----



[[production-ready-cloudfoundry-ssl]]
=== Cloud Foundry Self-signed Certificates
By default, the security verification for `/cloudfoundryapplication` endpoints makes SSL
calls to various Cloud Foundry services. If your Cloud Foundry UAA or Cloud Controller
services use self-signed certificates, you need to set the following property:

.application.properties
[source,properties,indent=0]
----
	management.cloudfoundry.skip-ssl-validation=true
----



[[production-ready-cloudfoundry-custom-security]]
=== Custom Security Configuration
If you define custom security configuration and you want extended Cloud Foundry actuator
support, you should ensure that `/cloudfoundryapplication/**` paths are open. Without a
direct open route, your Cloud Foundry application manager is not able to obtain endpoint
data.

For Spring Security, you typically include something like
`mvcMatchers("/cloudfoundryapplication/**").permitAll()` in your configuration, as shown
in the following example:

[source,java,indent=0]
----
include::{code-examples}/cloudfoundry/CloudFoundryIgnorePathsExample.java[tag=security]
----



[[production-ready-whats-next]]
== What to Read Next
If you want to explore some of the concepts discussed in this chapter, you can take a
look at the actuator {github-code}/spring-boot-samples[sample applications]. You also
might want to read about graphing tools such as http://graphite.wikidot.com/[Graphite].

Otherwise, you can continue on, to read about <<deployment.adoc#deployment, '`deployment
options`'>> or jump ahead for some in-depth information about Spring Boot's
_<<build-tool-plugins.adoc#build-tool-plugins, build tool plugins>>_.
