Align with the latest Chroma API

- Added Jackson annotations for JSON property handling in Chroma API request/response records.
  Use @JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL) to ignore empty fields such as null where.
  Use @JsonProperty(XYZ) to provide a strong contract with the Cohere API.
- Updated the Docker image for running Chroma locally and in tests to version 0.5.20.
- Enhanced  methods with non-null assertions for improved code safety.
- Added a simple search test to verify document similarity search functionality.

Fixes #1749

spring-ai-docs/src/main/antora/modules/ROOT/pages/api/vectordbs/chroma.adoc

@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ If all goes well, you should retrieve the document containing the text "Spring A
 === Run Chroma Locally
 
 ```shell
-docker run -it --rm --name chroma -p 8000:8000 ghcr.io/chroma-core/chroma:0.4.15
+docker run -it --rm --name chroma -p 8000:8000 ghcr.io/chroma-core/chroma:0.5.20
 ```
 
 Starts a chroma store at <http://localhost:8000/api/v1>

spring-ai-spring-boot-autoconfigure/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/autoconfigure/vectorstore/chroma/ChromaVectorStoreAutoConfigurationIT.java

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.AssertionsForClassTypes.assertThatThrownBy;
 public class ChromaVectorStoreAutoConfigurationIT {
 
 	@Container
-	static ChromaDBContainer chroma = new ChromaDBContainer("ghcr.io/chroma-core/chroma:0.5.0");
+	static ChromaDBContainer chroma = new ChromaDBContainer("ghcr.io/chroma-core/chroma:0.5.20");
 
 	private final ApplicationContextRunner contextRunner = new ApplicationContextRunner()
 		.withConfiguration(AutoConfigurations.of(ChromaVectorStoreAutoConfiguration.class))

spring-ai-spring-boot-testcontainers/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/testcontainers/service/connection/chroma/ChromaImage.java

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import org.testcontainers.utility.DockerImageName;
  */
 public final class ChromaImage {
 
-	public static final DockerImageName DEFAULT_IMAGE = DockerImageName.parse("ghcr.io/chroma-core/chroma:0.5.11");
+	public static final DockerImageName DEFAULT_IMAGE = DockerImageName.parse("ghcr.io/chroma-core/chroma:0.5.20");
 
 	private ChromaImage() {
 

vector-stores/spring-ai-chroma-store/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/chroma/ChromaApi.java

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.regex.Matcher;
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
@@ -123,17 +124,6 @@ public class ChromaApi {
 			.getBody();
 	}
 
-	public Map<String, Object> createCollection2(CreateCollectionRequest createCollectionRequest) {
-
-		return this.restClient.post()
-			.uri("/api/v1/collections")
-			.headers(this::httpHeaders)
-			.body(createCollectionRequest)
-			.retrieve()
-			.toEntity(Map.class)
-			.getBody();
-	}
-
 	/**
 	 * Delete a collection with the given name.
 	 * @param collectionName the name of the collection to delete.
@@ -281,7 +271,11 @@ public class ChromaApi {
 	 * @param name The name of the collection.
 	 * @param metadata Metadata associated with the collection.
 	 */
-	public record Collection(String id, String name, Map<String, Object> metadata) {
+	@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
+	public record Collection(// @formatter:off
+		@JsonProperty("id") String id,
+		@JsonProperty("name") String name,
+		@JsonProperty("metadata") Map<String, Object> metadata) { // @formatter:on
 
 	}
 
@@ -291,7 +285,10 @@ public class ChromaApi {
 	 * @param name The name of the collection to create.
 	 * @param metadata Optional metadata to associate with the collection.
 	 */
-	public record CreateCollectionRequest(String name, Map<String, Object> metadata) {
+	@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
+	public record CreateCollectionRequest(// @formatter:off
+		@JsonProperty("name") String name,
+		@JsonProperty("metadata") Map<String, Object> metadata) {// @formatter:on
 
 		public CreateCollectionRequest(String name) {
 			this(name, new HashMap<>(Map.of("hnsw:space", "cosine")));
@@ -300,7 +297,7 @@ public class ChromaApi {
 	}
 
 	//
-	// Chroma Collection API (https://docs.trychroma.com/js_reference/Collection)
+	// Chroma Collection API (https://docs.trychroma.com/reference/js-client/Collection)
 	//
 
 	/**
@@ -312,14 +309,17 @@ public class ChromaApi {
 	 * can filter on this metadata.
 	 * @param documents The documents contents to associate with the embeddings.
 	 */
-	public record AddEmbeddingsRequest(List<String> ids, List<float[]> embeddings,
-			@JsonProperty("metadatas") List<Map<String, Object>> metadata, List<String> documents) {
+	@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
+	public record AddEmbeddingsRequest(// @formatter:off
+			@JsonProperty("ids") List<String> ids,
+			@JsonProperty("embeddings") List<float[]> embeddings,
+			@JsonProperty("metadatas") List<Map<String, Object>> metadata,
+			@JsonProperty("documents") List<String> documents) {// @formatter:on
 
 		// Convenance for adding a single embedding.
 		public AddEmbeddingsRequest(String id, float[] embedding, Map<String, Object> metadata, String document) {
 			this(List.of(id), List.of(embedding), List.of(metadata), List.of(document));
 		}
-
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -329,12 +329,14 @@ public class ChromaApi {
 	 * @param where Condition to filter items to delete based on metadata values.
 	 * (Optional)
 	 */
-	public record DeleteEmbeddingsRequest(List<String> ids, Map<String, Object> where) {
+	@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
+	public record DeleteEmbeddingsRequest(// @formatter:off
+		@JsonProperty("ids") List<String> ids,
+		@JsonProperty("where") Map<String, Object> where) {// @formatter:on
 
 		public DeleteEmbeddingsRequest(List<String> ids) {
-			this(ids, Map.of());
+			this(ids, null);
 		}
-
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -348,19 +350,24 @@ public class ChromaApi {
 	 * "metadatas", "documents", "distances". Ids are always included. Defaults to
 	 * [metadatas, documents, distances].
 	 */
-	public record GetEmbeddingsRequest(List<String> ids, Map<String, Object> where, int limit, int offset,
-			List<Include> include) {
+	@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
+	public record GetEmbeddingsRequest(// @formatter:off
+		@JsonProperty("ids") List<String> ids,
+		@JsonProperty("where") Map<String, Object> where,
+		@JsonProperty("limit") Integer limit,
+		@JsonProperty("offset") Integer offset,
+		@JsonProperty("include") List<Include> include) {// @formatter:on
 
 		public GetEmbeddingsRequest(List<String> ids) {
-			this(ids, Map.of(), 10, 0, Include.all);
+			this(ids, null, 10, 0, Include.all);
 		}
 
 		public GetEmbeddingsRequest(List<String> ids, Map<String, Object> where) {
-			this(ids, where, 10, 0, Include.all);
+			this(ids, CollectionUtils.isEmpty(where) ? null : where, 10, 0, Include.all);
 		}
 
-		public GetEmbeddingsRequest(List<String> ids, Map<String, Object> where, int limit, int offset) {
-			this(ids, where, limit, offset, Include.all);
+		public GetEmbeddingsRequest(List<String> ids, Map<String, Object> where, Integer limit, Integer offset) {
+			this(ids, CollectionUtils.isEmpty(where) ? null : where, limit, offset, Include.all);
 		}
 
 	}
@@ -373,9 +380,12 @@ public class ChromaApi {
 	 * @param documents List of document contents. One for each returned document.
 	 * @param metadata List of document metadata. One for each returned document.
 	 */
-	public record GetEmbeddingResponse(List<String> ids, List<float[]> embeddings, List<String> documents,
-			@JsonProperty("metadatas") List<Map<String, String>> metadata) {
-
+	@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
+	public record GetEmbeddingResponse(// @formatter:off
+		@JsonProperty("ids") List<String> ids,
+		@JsonProperty("embeddings") List<float[]> embeddings,
+		@JsonProperty("documents") List<String> documents,
+		@JsonProperty("metadatas") List<Map<String, String>> metadata) {// @formatter:on
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -390,18 +400,22 @@ public class ChromaApi {
 	 * "metadatas", "documents", "distances". Ids are always included. Defaults to
 	 * [metadatas, documents, distances].
 	 */
-	public record QueryRequest(@JsonProperty("query_embeddings") List<float[]> queryEmbeddings,
-			@JsonProperty("n_results") int nResults, Map<String, Object> where, List<Include> include) {
+	@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
+	public record QueryRequest( // @formatter:off
+		@JsonProperty("query_embeddings") List<float[]> queryEmbeddings,
+		@JsonProperty("n_results") Integer nResults,
+		@JsonProperty("where") Map<String, Object> where,
+		@JsonProperty("include") List<Include> include) { // @formatter:on
 
 		/**
 		 * Convenience to query for a single embedding instead of a batch of embeddings.
 		 */
-		public QueryRequest(float[] queryEmbedding, int nResults) {
-			this(List.of(queryEmbedding), nResults, Map.of(), Include.all);
+		public QueryRequest(float[] queryEmbedding, Integer nResults) {
+			this(List.of(queryEmbedding), nResults, null, Include.all);
 		}
 
-		public QueryRequest(float[] queryEmbedding, int nResults, Map<String, Object> where) {
-			this(List.of(queryEmbedding), nResults, where, Include.all);
+		public QueryRequest(float[] queryEmbedding, Integer nResults, Map<String, Object> where) {
+			this(List.of(queryEmbedding), nResults, CollectionUtils.isEmpty(where) ? null : where, Include.all);
 		}
 
 		public enum Include {
@@ -434,9 +448,13 @@ public class ChromaApi {
 	 * @param metadata List of list of document metadata. One for each returned document.
 	 * @param distances List of list of search distances. One for each returned document.
 	 */
-	public record QueryResponse(List<List<String>> ids, List<List<float[]>> embeddings, List<List<String>> documents,
-			@JsonProperty("metadatas") List<List<Map<String, Object>>> metadata, List<List<Double>> distances) {
-
+	@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
+	public record QueryResponse(// @formatter:off
+		@JsonProperty("ids") List<List<String>> ids,
+		@JsonProperty("embeddings") List<List<float[]>> embeddings,
+		@JsonProperty("documents") List<List<String>> documents,
+		@JsonProperty("metadatas") List<List<Map<String, Object>>> metadata,
+		@JsonProperty("distances") List<List<Double>> distances) {// @formatter:on
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -448,8 +466,13 @@ public class ChromaApi {
 	 * @param metadata The metadata of the document.
 	 * @param distances The distance of the document to the query embedding.
 	 */
-	public record Embedding(String id, float[] embedding, String document, Map<String, Object> metadata,
-			Double distances) {
+	@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
+	public record Embedding(// @formatter:off
+		@JsonProperty("id") String id,
+		@JsonProperty("embedding") float[] embedding,
+		@JsonProperty("document") String document,
+		@JsonProperty("metadata") Map<String, Object> metadata,
+		@JsonProperty("distances") Double distances) {// @formatter:on
 
 	}
 

vector-stores/spring-ai-chroma-store/src/main/java/org/springframework/ai/vectorstore/ChromaVectorStore.java

@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ import org.springframework.ai.vectorstore.observation.AbstractObservationVectorS
 import org.springframework.ai.vectorstore.observation.VectorStoreObservationContext;
 import org.springframework.ai.vectorstore.observation.VectorStoreObservationConvention;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
+import org.springframework.lang.NonNull;
 import org.springframework.util.Assert;
 import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;
-import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
 
 /**
  * {@link ChromaVectorStore} is a concrete implementation of the {@link VectorStore}
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ public class ChromaVectorStore extends AbstractObservationVectorStore implements
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public void doAdd(List<Document> documents) {
+	public void doAdd(@NonNull List<Document> documents) {
 		Assert.notNull(documents, "Documents must not be null");
 		if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(documents)) {
 			return;
@@ -160,24 +160,23 @@ public class ChromaVectorStore extends AbstractObservationVectorStore implements
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public Optional<Boolean> doDelete(List<String> idList) {
+	public Optional<Boolean> doDelete(@NonNull List<String> idList) {
 		Assert.notNull(idList, "Document id list must not be null");
 		int status = this.chromaApi.deleteEmbeddings(this.collectionId, new DeleteEmbeddingsRequest(idList));
 		return Optional.of(status == 200);
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public List<Document> doSimilaritySearch(SearchRequest request) {
-
-		String nativeFilterExpression = (request.getFilterExpression() != null)
-				? this.filterExpressionConverter.convertExpression(request.getFilterExpression()) : "";
+	public @NonNull List<Document> doSimilaritySearch(@NonNull SearchRequest request) {
 
 		String query = request.getQuery();
 		Assert.notNull(query, "Query string must not be null");
 
 		float[] embedding = this.embeddingModel.embed(query);
-		Map<String, Object> where = (StringUtils.hasText(nativeFilterExpression)) ? jsonToMap(nativeFilterExpression)
-				: Map.of();
+
+		Map<String, Object> where = (request.getFilterExpression() != null)
+				? jsonToMap(this.filterExpressionConverter.convertExpression(request.getFilterExpression())) : null;
+
 		var queryRequest = new ChromaApi.QueryRequest(embedding, request.getTopK(), where);
 		var queryResponse = this.chromaApi.queryCollection(this.collectionId, queryRequest);
 		var embeddings = this.chromaApi.toEmbeddingResponseList(queryResponse);
@@ -241,7 +240,8 @@ public class ChromaVectorStore extends AbstractObservationVectorStore implements
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public VectorStoreObservationContext.Builder createObservationContextBuilder(String operationName) {
+	public @NonNull VectorStoreObservationContext.Builder createObservationContextBuilder(
+			@NonNull String operationName) {
 		return VectorStoreObservationContext.builder(VectorStoreProvider.CHROMA.value(), operationName)
 			.withDimensions(this.embeddingModel.dimensions())
 			.withCollectionName(this.collectionName + ":" + this.collectionId)

vector-stores/spring-ai-chroma-store/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/ChromaImage.java

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import org.testcontainers.utility.DockerImageName;
  */
 public final class ChromaImage {
 
-	public static final DockerImageName DEFAULT_IMAGE = DockerImageName.parse("ghcr.io/chroma-core/chroma:0.5.16");
+	public static final DockerImageName DEFAULT_IMAGE = DockerImageName.parse("ghcr.io/chroma-core/chroma:0.5.20");
 
 	private ChromaImage() {
 

vector-stores/spring-ai-chroma-store/src/test/java/org/springframework/ai/vectorstore/ChromaVectorStoreIT.java

@@ -92,6 +92,34 @@ public class ChromaVectorStoreIT {
 		});
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	public void simpleSearch() {
+		this.contextRunner.run(context -> {
+
+			VectorStore vectorStore = context.getBean(VectorStore.class);
+
+			var document = Document.builder()
+				.withId("simpleDoc")
+				.withContent("The sky is blue because of Rayleigh scattering.")
+				.build();
+
+			vectorStore.add(List.of(document));
+
+			List<Document> results = vectorStore.similaritySearch("Why is the sky blue?");
+
+			assertThat(results).hasSize(1);
+			Document resultDoc = results.get(0);
+			assertThat(resultDoc.getId()).isEqualTo(document.getId());
+			assertThat(resultDoc.getContent()).isEqualTo("The sky is blue because of Rayleigh scattering.");
+
+			// Remove all documents from the store
+			assertThat(vectorStore.delete(List.of(document.getId()))).isEqualTo(Optional.of(Boolean.TRUE));
+
+			results = vectorStore.similaritySearch(SearchRequest.query("Why is the sky blue?"));
+			assertThat(results).hasSize(0);
+		});
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	public void addAndSearchWithFilters() {