Avoid transaction listener execution without transaction management setup

Closes gh-32319

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/context/event/ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter.java

@@ -91,6 +91,8 @@ public class ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter implements GenericApplicationListe
 	@Nullable
 	private final String condition;
 
+	private final boolean defaultExecution;
+
 	private final int order;
 
 	@Nullable
@@ -119,6 +121,7 @@ public class ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter implements GenericApplicationListe
 		EventListener ann = AnnotatedElementUtils.findMergedAnnotation(this.targetMethod, EventListener.class);
 		this.declaredEventTypes = resolveDeclaredEventTypes(method, ann);
 		this.condition = (ann != null ? ann.condition() : null);
+		this.defaultExecution = (ann == null || ann.defaultExecution());
 		this.order = resolveOrder(this.targetMethod);
 		String id = (ann != null ? ann.id() : "");
 		this.listenerId = (!id.isEmpty() ? id : null);
@@ -166,7 +169,9 @@ public class ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter implements GenericApplicationListe
 
 	@Override
 	public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
-		processEvent(event);
+		if (isDefaultExecution()) {
+			processEvent(event);
+		}
 	}
 
 	@Override
@@ -227,6 +232,16 @@ public class ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter implements GenericApplicationListe
 		return ClassUtils.getQualifiedMethodName(method) + sj;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Return whether default execution is applicable for the target listener.
+	 * @since 6.2
+	 * @see #onApplicationEvent
+	 * @see EventListener#defaultExecution()
+	 */
+	protected boolean isDefaultExecution() {
+		return this.defaultExecution;
+	}
+
 
 	/**
 	 * Process the specified {@link ApplicationEvent}, checking if the condition

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/context/event/EventListener.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -132,6 +132,14 @@ public @interface EventListener {
 	 */
 	String condition() default "";
 
+	/**
+	 * Whether the event should be handled by default, without any special
+	 * pre-conditions such as an active transaction. Declared here for overriding
+	 * in composed annotations such as {@code TransactionalEventListener}.
+	 * @since 6.2
+	 */
+	boolean defaultExecution() default true;
+
 	/**
 	 * An optional identifier for the listener, defaulting to the fully-qualified
 	 * signature of the declaring method (e.g. "mypackage.MyClass.myMethod()").

spring-tx/src/main/java/org/springframework/transaction/event/TransactionalApplicationListenerMethodAdapter.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -49,8 +49,6 @@ public class TransactionalApplicationListenerMethodAdapter extends ApplicationLi
 
 	private final TransactionPhase transactionPhase;
 
-	private final boolean fallbackExecution;
-
 	private final List<SynchronizationCallback> callbacks = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
 
 
@@ -68,7 +66,6 @@ public class TransactionalApplicationListenerMethodAdapter extends ApplicationLi
 			throw new IllegalStateException("No TransactionalEventListener annotation found on method: " + method);
 		}
 		this.transactionPhase = eventAnn.phase();
-		this.fallbackExecution = eventAnn.fallbackExecution();
 	}
 
 
@@ -91,7 +88,7 @@ public class TransactionalApplicationListenerMethodAdapter extends ApplicationLi
 				logger.debug("Registered transaction synchronization for " + event);
 			}
 		}
-		else if (this.fallbackExecution) {
+		else if (isDefaultExecution()) {
 			if (getTransactionPhase() == TransactionPhase.AFTER_ROLLBACK && logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
 				logger.warn("Processing " + event + " as a fallback execution on AFTER_ROLLBACK phase");
 			}

spring-tx/src/main/java/org/springframework/transaction/event/TransactionalEventListener.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -77,11 +77,6 @@ public @interface TransactionalEventListener {
 	 */
 	TransactionPhase phase() default TransactionPhase.AFTER_COMMIT;
 
-	/**
-	 * Whether the event should be handled if no transaction is running.
-	 */
-	boolean fallbackExecution() default false;
-
 	/**
 	 * Alias for {@link #classes}.
 	 */
@@ -107,6 +102,13 @@ public @interface TransactionalEventListener {
 	@AliasFor(annotation = EventListener.class, attribute = "condition")
 	String condition() default "";
 
+	/**
+	 * Whether the event should be handled if no transaction is running.
+	 * @see EventListener#defaultExecution()
+	 */
+	@AliasFor(annotation = EventListener.class, attribute = "defaultExecution")
+	boolean fallbackExecution() default false;
+
 	/**
 	 * An optional identifier for the listener, defaulting to the fully-qualified
 	 * signature of the declaring method (e.g. "mypackage.MyClass.myMethod()").

spring-tx/src/test/java/org/springframework/transaction/event/TransactionalEventListenerTests.java

@@ -269,8 +269,7 @@ class TransactionalEventListenerTests {
 
 	@Test
 	void noTransaction() {
-		load(BeforeCommitTestListener.class, AfterCompletionTestListener.class,
-				AfterCompletionExplicitTestListener.class);
+		load(BeforeCommitTestListener.class, AfterCompletionTestListener.class, AfterCompletionExplicitTestListener.class);
 		this.context.publishEvent("test");
 		getEventCollector().assertTotalEventsCount(0);
 	}
@@ -318,6 +317,24 @@ class TransactionalEventListenerTests {
 		getEventCollector().assertTotalEventsCount(4);
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void noTransactionManagementWithFallbackExecution() {
+		doLoad(PlainConfiguration.class, FallbackExecutionTestListener.class);
+		this.context.publishEvent("test");
+		this.eventCollector.assertEvents(EventCollector.BEFORE_COMMIT, "test");
+		this.eventCollector.assertEvents(EventCollector.AFTER_COMMIT, "test");
+		this.eventCollector.assertEvents(EventCollector.AFTER_ROLLBACK, "test");
+		this.eventCollector.assertEvents(EventCollector.AFTER_COMPLETION, "test");
+		getEventCollector().assertTotalEventsCount(4);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void noTransactionManagementWithoutFallbackExecution() {
+		doLoad(PlainConfiguration.class, BeforeCommitTestListener.class, AfterCommitMetaAnnotationTestListener.class);
+		this.context.publishEvent("test");
+		this.eventCollector.assertNoEventReceived();
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	void conditionFoundOnTransactionalEventListener() {
 		load(ImmediateTestListener.class);
@@ -401,6 +418,31 @@ class TransactionalEventListenerTests {
 	}
 
 
+	@Configuration
+	static class PlainConfiguration {
+
+		@Bean
+		public EventCollector eventCollector() {
+			return new EventCollector();
+		}
+
+		@Bean
+		public TestBean testBean(ApplicationEventPublisher eventPublisher) {
+			return new TestBean(eventPublisher);
+		}
+
+		@Bean
+		public CallCountingTransactionManager transactionManager() {
+			return new CallCountingTransactionManager();
+		}
+
+		@Bean
+		public TransactionTemplate transactionTemplate() {
+			return new TransactionTemplate(transactionManager());
+		}
+	}
+
+
 	@Configuration
 	static class MulticasterWithCustomExecutor {