Inject prepared GraphqlErrorBuilder in error handling methods

Prior to this commit, error handling methods would support various
arguments, including the exception being handled.
Our reference documentation would advise to create a new instance of a
`GraphQLError` using `GraphQLError.newError()`. This does not initialize
the location and path information of the current error.

This commit allows error handling methods to get injected with a
`GraphQlErrorBuilder<?>` argument that is initialized with the current
`DataFetchingEnvironment` (thus filling the location and path parts).

Fixes gh-1200

spring-graphql-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/controllers.adoc

@@ -886,37 +886,14 @@ Use `@GraphQlExceptionHandler` methods to handle exceptions from data fetching w
 flexible xref:controllers.adoc#controllers.exception-handler.signature[method signature]. When declared in a
 controller, exception handler methods apply to exceptions from the same controller:
 
-[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
-----
-	@Controller
-	public class BookController {
-
-		@QueryMapping
-		public Book bookById(@Argument Long id) {
-			// ...
-		}
-
-		@GraphQlExceptionHandler
-		public GraphQLError handle(BindException ex) {
-			return GraphQLError.newError().errorType(ErrorType.BAD_REQUEST).message("...").build();
-		}
-	}
-----
+include-code::BookController[]
 
 When declared in an `@ControllerAdvice`, exception handler methods apply across controllers:
 
-[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
-----
-	@ControllerAdvice
-	public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
+include-code::GlobalExceptionHandler[]
 
-		@GraphQlExceptionHandler
-		public GraphQLError handle(BindException ex) {
-			return GraphQLError.newError().errorType(ErrorType.BAD_REQUEST).message("...").build();
-		}
-
-	}
-----
+As shown in the examples above, you should build errors by injecting `GraphQlErrorBuilder` in the method signature
+because it's been prepared with the current `DataFetchingEnvironment`.
 
 Exception handling via `@GraphQlExceptionHandler` methods is applied automatically to
 controller invocations. To handle exceptions from other `graphql.schema.DataFetcher`

spring-graphql-docs/src/main/java/org/springframework/graphql/docs/controllers/exceptionhandler/Book.java

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2020-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.graphql.docs.controllers.exceptionhandler;
+
+public record Book() {
+}

spring-graphql-docs/src/main/java/org/springframework/graphql/docs/controllers/exceptionhandler/BookController.java

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2020-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.graphql.docs.controllers.exceptionhandler;
+
+
+import graphql.GraphQLError;
+import graphql.GraphqlErrorBuilder;
+
+import org.springframework.graphql.data.method.annotation.Argument;
+import org.springframework.graphql.data.method.annotation.GraphQlExceptionHandler;
+import org.springframework.graphql.data.method.annotation.QueryMapping;
+import org.springframework.graphql.execution.ErrorType;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
+import org.springframework.validation.BindException;
+
+@Controller
+public class BookController {
+
+	@QueryMapping
+	public Book bookById(@Argument Long id) {
+		return /**/ new Book();
+	}
+
+	@GraphQlExceptionHandler
+	public GraphQLError handle(GraphqlErrorBuilder<?> errorBuilder, BindException ex) {
+		return errorBuilder
+				.errorType(ErrorType.BAD_REQUEST)
+				.message(ex.getMessage())
+				.build();
+	}
+
+}

spring-graphql-docs/src/main/java/org/springframework/graphql/docs/controllers/exceptionhandler/GlobalExceptionHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2020-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.graphql.docs.controllers.exceptionhandler;
+
+import graphql.GraphQLError;
+import graphql.GraphqlErrorBuilder;
+
+import org.springframework.graphql.data.method.annotation.GraphQlExceptionHandler;
+import org.springframework.graphql.execution.ErrorType;
+import org.springframework.validation.BindException;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
+
+@ControllerAdvice
+public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
+
+	@GraphQlExceptionHandler
+	public GraphQLError handle(GraphqlErrorBuilder<?> errorBuilder, BindException ex) {
+		return errorBuilder
+				.errorType(ErrorType.BAD_REQUEST)
+				.message(ex.getMessage())
+				.build();
+	}
+
+}

spring-graphql/src/main/java/org/springframework/graphql/data/method/annotation/support/DataFetchingEnvironmentMethodArgumentResolver.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2021 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Optional;
 
 import graphql.GraphQLContext;
+import graphql.GraphqlErrorBuilder;
 import graphql.schema.DataFetchingEnvironment;
 import graphql.schema.DataFetchingFieldSelectionSet;
 
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ public class DataFetchingEnvironmentMethodArgumentResolver implements HandlerMet
 		Class<?> type = parameter.getParameterType();
 		return (type.equals(DataFetchingEnvironment.class) || type.equals(GraphQLContext.class) ||
 				type.equals(DataFetchingFieldSelectionSet.class) ||
+				type.equals(GraphqlErrorBuilder.class) ||
 				type.equals(Locale.class) || isOptionalLocale(parameter));
 	}
 
@@ -70,6 +72,9 @@ public class DataFetchingEnvironmentMethodArgumentResolver implements HandlerMet
 		else if (type.equals(DataFetchingEnvironment.class)) {
 			return environment;
 		}
+		else if (type.equals(GraphqlErrorBuilder.class)) {
+			return GraphqlErrorBuilder.newError(environment);
+		}
 		else {
 			throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected method parameter type: " + parameter);
 		}

spring-graphql/src/test/java/org/springframework/graphql/data/method/annotation/support/DataFetchingEnvironmentMethodArgumentResolverTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2021 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -21,9 +21,17 @@ import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Optional;
 
 import graphql.GraphQLContext;
+import graphql.GraphQLError;
+import graphql.GraphqlErrorBuilder;
+import graphql.execution.ExecutionStepInfo;
+import graphql.execution.MergedField;
+import graphql.execution.ResultPath;
+import graphql.language.Field;
+import graphql.language.SourceLocation;
 import graphql.schema.DataFetchingEnvironment;
 import graphql.schema.DataFetchingEnvironmentImpl;
 import graphql.schema.DataFetchingFieldSelectionSet;
+import graphql.schema.GraphQLObjectType;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
@@ -35,11 +43,12 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 /**
  * Unit tests for {@link DataFetchingEnvironmentMethodArgumentResolver}.
  * @author Rossen Stoyanchev
+ * @author Brian Clozel
  */
-public class DataFetchingEnvironmentArgumentResolverTests {
+public class DataFetchingEnvironmentMethodArgumentResolverTests {
 
 	private static final Method handleMethod = ClassUtils.getMethod(
-			DataFetchingEnvironmentArgumentResolverTests.class, "handle", (Class<?>[]) null);
+			DataFetchingEnvironmentMethodArgumentResolverTests.class, "handle", (Class<?>[]) null);
 
 
 	private final DataFetchingEnvironmentMethodArgumentResolver resolver =
@@ -51,8 +60,9 @@ public class DataFetchingEnvironmentArgumentResolverTests {
 		assertThat(this.resolver.supportsParameter(parameter(1))).isTrue();
 		assertThat(this.resolver.supportsParameter(parameter(2))).isTrue();
 		assertThat(this.resolver.supportsParameter(parameter(3))).isTrue();
+		assertThat(this.resolver.supportsParameter(parameter(4))).isTrue();
 
-		assertThat(this.resolver.supportsParameter(parameter(4))).isFalse();
+		assertThat(this.resolver.supportsParameter(parameter(5))).isFalse();
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -94,6 +104,25 @@ public class DataFetchingEnvironmentArgumentResolverTests {
 		assertThat(actual.get()).isSameAs(locale);
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void resolveErrorBuilder() {
+		MergedField field = MergedField.newMergedField(Field.newField("greeting")
+				.sourceLocation(SourceLocation.EMPTY).build()).build();
+		ExecutionStepInfo executionStepInfo = ExecutionStepInfo.newExecutionStepInfo()
+				.path(ResultPath.parse("/greeting"))
+				.type(new GraphQLObjectType.Builder().name("project").build()).build();
+		DataFetchingEnvironment environment = environment()
+				.mergedField(field)
+				.executionStepInfo(executionStepInfo)
+				.build();
+
+		GraphqlErrorBuilder<?> errorBuilder = (GraphqlErrorBuilder<?>) this.resolver.resolveArgument(parameter(4), environment);
+		GraphQLError error = errorBuilder.message("custom error message").build();
+
+		assertThat(ResultPath.fromList(error.getPath()).toString()).isEqualTo("/greeting");
+		assertThat(error.getLocations()).isNotEmpty();
+	}
+
 	private static DataFetchingEnvironmentImpl.Builder environment() {
 		return DataFetchingEnvironmentImpl.newDataFetchingEnvironment();
 	}
@@ -109,6 +138,7 @@ public class DataFetchingEnvironmentArgumentResolverTests {
 			DataFetchingFieldSelectionSet selectionSet,
 			Locale locale,
 			Optional<Locale> optionalLocale,
+			GraphqlErrorBuilder<?> errorBuilder,
 			String s) {
 	}
 

spring-graphql/src/test/java/org/springframework/graphql/execution/ExceptionResolversExceptionHandlerTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ public class ExceptionResolversExceptionHandlerTests {
 		assertThat(response.errorCount()).isEqualTo(1);
 		assertThat(response.error(0).message()).isEqualTo("Resolved error: Invalid greeting");
 		assertThat(response.error(0).errorType()).isEqualTo("BAD_REQUEST");
+		assertThat(response.error(0).path()).isEqualTo("/greeting");
 
 		String greeting = response.rawValue("greeting");
 		assertThat(greeting).isNull();
@@ -85,6 +86,7 @@ public class ExceptionResolversExceptionHandlerTests {
 		ResponseHelper response = ResponseHelper.forResult(result);
 		assertThat(response.errorCount()).isEqualTo(1);
 		assertThat(response.error(0).message()).isEqualTo("Resolved error: Invalid greeting, name=007");
+		assertThat(response.error(0).path()).isEqualTo("/greeting");
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -110,6 +112,7 @@ public class ExceptionResolversExceptionHandlerTests {
 			ResponseHelper response = ResponseHelper.forResult(result);
 			assertThat(response.errorCount()).isEqualTo(1);
 			assertThat(response.error(0).message()).isEqualTo("Resolved error: Invalid greeting, name=007");
+			assertThat(response.error(0).path()).isEqualTo("/greeting");
 		}
 		finally {
 			threadLocal.remove();
@@ -127,6 +130,7 @@ public class ExceptionResolversExceptionHandlerTests {
 		ResponseHelper response = ResponseHelper.forResult(result);
 		assertThat(response.errorCount()).isEqualTo(1);
 		assertThat(response.error(0).message()).startsWith("INTERNAL_ERROR for ");
+		assertThat(response.error(0).path()).isEqualTo("/greeting");
 		assertThat(response.error(0).errorType()).isEqualTo("INTERNAL_ERROR");
 
 		String greeting = response.rawValue("greeting");