Support an alternative fat jar format that is more amenable to Docker
image layers.

The new format arranges files in the following structure:

	BOOT-INF/
	  layers/
	    <layer-name #1>
	      /classes
	      /lib
	    <layer-name #2>
	      /classes
	      /lib

The `BOOT-INF/layers.idx` file provides the names of the layers and the
order in which they should be added (starting with the least changed).

The `JarLauncher` class can load layered jars in both fat and exploded
forms.

Closes gh-19767
Co-authored-by: Phillip Webb <pwebb@pivotal.io>